Reading the Qur'an strengthens our iman, purifies the heart and helps us achieve closeness to our Creator through His words. Below are 100 interesting facts about the Quran that you might not know.
1. What does the word “Koran” mean?
2. Where was the Quran first revealed?
In the cave of Hira (Mecca).
3. On what night was the first revelation of the Quran revealed?
On Laylatul Qadr (Night of Destiny. in the month of Ramadan.
4. Who revealed the Quran?
5. Through whom was the revelation of the Qur'an revealed?
Through the Angel Gabriel.
6. To whom was the Quran revealed?
To the last messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
7. Who took responsibility for the safety of the Koran?
8. Under what conditions can one touch the Quran?
A person touching the Quran must be in a state of ritual ablution.
9. Which book is read the most?
10. What is the main theme of the Quran?
11. What are the other names of the Quran according to the Quran itself?
Al-Furqan, Al-Kitab, Al-Zikr, Al-Nur, Al-Huda.
12. How many suras of the Quran were revealed in Mecca?
13. How many suras of the Quran were revealed in Medina?
14. How many manzils are there in the Quran?
15. How many juzes are there in the Quran?
16. How many suras are in the Koran?
17. How many ruku (component parts) are there in the Koran?
18. How many verses are there in the Koran?
19. How many times is the word “Allah” repeated in the Quran?
20. Which scripture is the only religious text where the language of its revelation, including dialects, is still used today?
21. Who is the first hafiz of the Quran?
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
22. How many huffazs (hafiz) were there at the time of the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him)?
23. How many verses are there after reading which one must perform sajdah?
24. In which surah and verse is sajdah mentioned for the first time?
Sura 7 verse 206.
25. How many times does the Quran speak about prayer?
26. How many times does the Quran talk about almsgiving and saadaka?
27. How many times in the Quran does the Almighty address the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as YaAyuKhanNabi?
28. In which verse of the Koran is the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) called Ahmad?
Sura 61 verse 6.
29. How many times is the name Rasulullah mentioned in the Quran?
Muhammad (peace be upon him) – 4 times. Ahmad (peace be upon him) – 1 time.
30. The name of which prophet (peace be upon him) is mentioned in the Koran most of all?
The name of the prophet Musa (peace be upon him) – 136 times.
31. Who was the Katibiwahi (recorder of the divine revelation) of the Quran?
Abu Bakr, Usman, Ali, Zaid bin Haris, Abdullah bin Masud.
32. Who was the first to count the verses of the Koran?
33. On whose advice did Abu Bakr decide to compile the Quran into a single whole?
Umar Farooq.
34. By whose order was the Quran compiled in written form?
Abu Bakr.
35. Who followed the recitation of the Quran in the Quraish style?
36. How many copies compiled by Uthman have survived in the present?
Only 2 copies, one of which is stored in Tashkent, the other in Istanbul.
37. Which surah of the Quran did Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recite during prayer, upon hearing which Hazrat Jabir bin Musim accepted Islam?
52 Surah of the Koran At-Tur.
38. After the recitation of which surah by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), one of his enemies Utbah fell on his face?
The first five verses of 41 sura Fussylat.
39. According to the Koran, what is the very first and ancient mosque?
40. What two groups does the Koran divide humanity into?
Believers and non-believers.
41. About whom in the Quran did Allah Almighty say that his body would remain a warning example for future generations?
About Pharaoh (10: 9192).
42. Besides the body of Pharaoh, what will be left as a cautionary example for future generations?
Ark of Nuh.
43. Where did the ark of Nuh land after the crash?
To Mount al-Judi (11:44).
44. The name of which companion of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is mentioned in the Quran?
Zaid bin Harisa (33:37).
45. The name of which relative of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is mentioned in the Quran?
His uncle Abu Lahab (111:1).
46. The name of which Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is mentioned by the name of his mother?
Prophet Isa: Isa bin Maryam.
47. Which truce was called Fathkhum Mubin and took place without a battle?
Hudaybiyyah Agreement.
48. What names are used in the Quran to refer to Satan?
Iblis and Ash-shaitan.
49. What creatures does the Koran classify Iblis as?
To the genies.
50. What types of worship were prescribed by Allah for the people of Bani Israel, which were continued by the Muslim mind?
Salah and Zakat (2:43).
51. The Koran repeatedly speaks about a specific Day. What day is this?
Doomsday.
52. Who were those people with whom Allah Almighty was pleased, and they were pleased with him, as stated in the Quran?
Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) (9:100).
53. Which sura is called the “Heart of the Quran”?
Suru Yasin (36)
54. In what year did vowels appear in the Koran?
43 Hijri.
55. Who were the first people to study the Koran?
Ashabu Suffa.
56. What is the name of the university where the Koran faculty was first opened?
Mosque of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
57. How are those who were chosen by the Almighty to carry His message to humanity mentioned in the Quran?
Nabi (Prophet) and Rasul (Messenger).
58. What should a person be like from the point of view of the Koran?
Mu'min ("Believer"). If “iman” and “Islam” have the same meaning, namely, if “Islam” is understood as the acceptance in the heart of all the precepts of Islam, then every Mumin (believer) is a Muslim (submitted, surrendered to Allah), and every Muslim - there is a mumin.
59. How is human dignity measured according to the Quran?
Taqwa (God-fearing).
60. What is the greatest sin from the point of view of the Quran?
61. Where in the Koran is water named as the place where life originated?
Surah Al-Anbiya, verse 30 (21:30)
62. Which surah of the Quran is the longest?
Surah al-Baqarah (2).
63. Which surah of the Quran is the shortest?
Al-Kawthar (108).
64. How old was the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) when the first revelation was sent down to him?
65. How long did the Prophet (peace be upon him) receive revelations in Mecca?
66. How many years were the suras of the Koran revealed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Medina?
67. Where was the first surah of the Quran revealed?
68. Where was the last sura of the Koran revealed?
In Medina.
69. How many years did the revelation of the Quran last?
70. Which surah is read in each rak'ah of prayer?
Al-Fatiha.
71. Which sura is defined by the Almighty as a dua?
Al-Fatiha.
72. Why is Surah Al-Fatihah at the beginning of the Quran?
This is the key of the Holy Quran.
73. Which surah of the Holy Quran was revealed in full and became the first in the Quran?
Surah Al-Fatiha.
74. Which woman's name is mentioned in the Koran?
Maryam (r.a.).
75. Which surah of the Quran contains the maximum number of instructions?
Surah al-Baqarah (2).
76. Where and when did Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Gabriel (a.s.) meet for the second time?
On Friday, the 18th of Ramadan in a cave on Mount Hira.
77. What was the period between the first and second revelation?
2 years and 6 months.
78. Which surah does not begin with “Bismillah”?
Surah at-Tawba (9)
79. In which surah of the Koran is “Bismillah” repeated twice?
Surah an-Naml (verses 1 and 30).
80. How many suras of the Koran are named after prophets?
Surah Yunus (10);
Surah Hud (11);
Surah Yusuf (12);
Surah Ibrahim (14);
Surah Nuh (71);
Surah Muhammad (47).
81. In what part of the Quran is the verse al-Kursi found?
Surah al-Baqarah (2:255).
82. How many names of the Almighty are mentioned in the Koran?
83. The names of which people who were not prophets are mentioned in the Koran?
Luqman, Aziz and Zulqarnain.
84. How many companions participated in the creation of a single Mushaf of the Quran during the reign of Abu Bakr (ra)?
75 companions.
85. What book is memorized by millions of people around the world?
Holy Quran.
86. What did the jinn, who heard the verses of the Koran, say to each other?
We heard a unique speech that shows the true path, and we believed in it.
87. Which translation of the Koran in Russian is the most popular?
Translation by Osmanov, Sablukov, Krachkovsky.
88. How many languages has the Koran been translated into?
More than 100 languages.
89. How many prophets are mentioned by name in the Quran?
90. According to the Quran, what will be our position on the Day of Judgment?
Each of us will be in a state of anxiety and worry.
91. Which prophet mentioned in the Quran was a fourth generation prophet?
Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
92. Which book abolished all the old rules and regulations?
93. What does the Quran say about wealth and fortune?
They are a test of faith (2:155).
94. According to the Koran, who is the “haatamun nabiyin” (the last prophet)?
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
95. Which book tells about the creation of the world and the end of the world?
96. What is another name for the city of Mecca in the Koran?
Bakka and Baladul Amin.
97. What is another name for the city of Medina in the Koran?
98. According to the Qur'an, whose people are named as "Bani Israel"?
The people of Prophet Yaqub (peace be upon him), also known as Israel.
99. Which mosques are mentioned in the Koran.
There are 5 mosques mentioned in the Quran:
a. Masjid al-Haram
b. Masjid ul Zirar
V. Masjid ul-Nabawi
Masjid ul-Aqsa
d. Masjid Quba
100. The names of which angels are mentioned in the Koran:
The names of 5 angels are mentioned in the Quran:
a. Jabrail (2:98)
b. Mikail (2:98)
V. Harut (2:102)
Marut (2:102)
village Malik (43:77)
Sayda Hayat
The essence of divine revelation
The science of the Qur'an includes many different and important sciences, in particular revelation and its revelation. Anyone who does not believe in revelation cannot believe in the revelation of the Qur'an, since the Qur'an is one of the types of revelation that was transmitted to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ through the angel Jibril (peace be upon him). From the history of Islam it is known that the first revelation to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ came at the age of forty, and it began with a prophetic dream. Then the love of solitude was instilled in Him. He often began to retire to the cave of Hira, where he worshiped Allah for many nights.
Meanings of the word "wahyu" (وحي)
Lexical meaning of the verb “vaha” ( وحي ), the masdar (verbal name) of which is the word "wahyu"- indicate, tell secretly, command, subordinate, write to another, send.
In the Koran this word comes in different meanings:
- suggestion;
The Koran says:
وأوحينا إلى أم موسى أن أرضعيه
(meaning): “And We inspired it in the heart of Musa’s mother to breastfeed her son.”(Surah Al-Qasas: 7).
- the instigation of the shaitan;
The Koran says:
وإن الشياطين ليوحون إلى أولياهم ليجادلوكم
(meaning): “Verily, Satan incites his followers (pagans) to argue with you, bringing false arguments.”(Surah al-An'am, 121).
As for the Sharia definition of the term “wahyu” (revelation), this is Allah teaching His chosen slave (prophet, messenger) various knowledge that He wished to reveal to him secretly.
How the very first revelation was sent down
The hadith reports that the mother of the believers, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), said: “The sending of revelations to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began with a prophetic dream. In a dream he saw a radiance like the dawn. Then a love of solitude was instilled in him, and he began to often retire to the cave of Hira. There he worshiped Allah for many nights. Then he returned to Khadija and took everything he needed for another similar solitude. This continued until he had a revelation while he was in the cave of Hira. An angel appeared to him and said:
- Read!
To which he replied:
“Then he took me and squeezed me so that I tensed to the limit, and then he let me go and again ordered: “Read!” I said: “I can't read!” He squeezed me a second time so that I again tensed to the limit, and then released me and ordered: “Read!”- and I said again: “I can't read!” Then he squeezed me a third time, and then released me and said:
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
“Read in the name of your Lord, Who created, created man from a clot! Read, and your Lord is the most generous...”
And after that Khadija left the house with him and brought him to her cousin Waraq bin Nawfal bin Asad bin 'Abd al-'Uzza, who converted to Christianity during the era of Jahiliyya, used the writing of the Jews for his notes and copied from the Gospel what was pleasing to Allah. By that time he was already a profoundly blind old man. Khadija told him: “O son of my uncle, listen to your nephew!” Varaka asked him: “Oh nephew, what do you see?”- and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed him of what he saw. Waraqa said: “This is the same angel whom Allah sent to Musa! Oh, if only I were young and could live to see the time when your people begin to drive you out!”
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked: “Will they drive me out?” Varaka replied: “Yes, for whenever a person appeared with anything similar to what you brought with you, they always fought with him. If I live to see this day, I will help you as much as I can!” However, Waraka soon died, and the revelations temporarily ceased.” (Bukhari)
Renewal of revelation
It is reported that Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with them both), while talking about the period of temporary cessation of revelations, said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
بينما أنا أمشى سمعت صوتا من السماء فرفعت بصري فإذا الملك الذى جاء في حراء جالس على كرسي بين السماء والارض ، فرعبت منه فرجعت ، فقلت : زملوني زملوني ، فأنزل الله تعالى عز وجلّ : (يأيها المدثر ، قم فأنظر) الى قوله تعالى والرجز فاهجر) . فحمي الوحي وتواتر)
“One day I was walking along the road and suddenly I heard a voice from heaven. I raised my head and saw the same angel who appeared to me in the cave of Hira, who this time sat on a throne between heaven and earth. I was scared of him, returned home and said: “Cover me, cover me!”- after which Allah Almighty sent down verses that said: “O wrapped one! Arise and exhort...". And after this, the revelations resumed with renewed vigor and began to come one after another.”
Rating: / 9All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds!
When the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) turned 40 years old, his prophetic mission began. This mission lasted until his death. Over the course of 23 years, the Great Quran was revealed to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The reasons why the Quran was revealed are indicated by Allah himself in the Quran: “We have sent down to you the Scripture to clarify everything, as a guide to the straight path, mercy and good news for Muslims.” (Surah an-Nakhl-89)
Allah Almighty also said: “We have sent down to you the Scripture with the truth in confirmation of the previous Scriptures, and so that it bears witness to them. Judge them according to what Allah has revealed.” (Surah al-Maida - 48), “We have sent down the Scripture to you so that you will lead people, with the permission of their Lord, from darkness to light - to the path of the Mighty, Praiseworthy Allah, to Whom belongs everything in the heavens and on earth. Woe to the disbelievers from severe suffering.” (Sura Ibrahim - 1-2)
The beginning of the prophecy of Muhammad (pbuh)
Before the revelation of the Koran, the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) often secluded himself in a cave, which was located near Mecca and was called Hira. In it he reflected on the Greatness of Allah. In 610 AD, in the month of Ramadan, on the night of Sunday to Monday, “In the month of Ramadan, the Quran was revealed - a sure guide for the people, clear evidence of right guidance and discernment.” (Surah al-Baqarah, verse 175)
By order of Allah, one of the Angels, Gabriel, came to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and said to Him: “ Read". With these words the revelation of the Koran began. That night Angel Gabriel conveyed the first five verses from Surah Clot. Here they are: " Recite in the name of your Lord, Who created all things, created man from a blood clot. Read, because your Lord is the Most Generous. He taught through a writing cane - he taught a person what he did not know.”(Sura Clot 1-5).
How the revelations began is very well told by the wife of the prophet Aisha (radyAllahu anha) ):
“The sending of revelations to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began with a good vision in a dream, and Zareon never saw any other visions except those that came like the morning one. Then a love of solitude was instilled in him, and he began to often retire to a cave on Mount Hira
(a mountain near Mecca, now called Jabal an-nur), where he engaged in acts of piety, which was expressed in worship (of Allah) for many nights until he had a desire to return to his family. Usually he took with him all the supplies necessary for this, and then returned to Khadija (Khadija bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the Prophet) and took everything he needed for a new, similar solitude. (This continued until) the truth was revealed to him when he was in the cave (on the mountain) of Hira. An angel appeared to him and ordered: “Read!” - to which he replied: “I can’t read!”
(The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“Then he took me and squeezed me so that I tensed to the limit, and then he let me go and again ordered: “Read!” I said, “I can’t read!” He squeezed me a second time so that I (again) tensed to the limit, and then let go and ordered: “Read!” - and I (again) said: “I can’t read!” Then he squeezed me for the third time, and then released me and said: “Read in the name of your Lord, who created, created man from a clot! Read, and your Lord is the most generous
... (surah Clot 1-3)"
‘Aisha (radiyallahu anha) said:
“And the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, whose heart was trembling (with fear), returned with this, entered Khadija bint Khuwaylid, may Allah be pleased with her, and said: “Cover me, cover me!” They covered him (and he remained in a similar position) until his fear passed, after which he told her everything (and said): “I was afraid for myself!” Khadija said: “No, no! I swear by Allah, Allah will never cover you with shame, because you maintain connections with relatives, help bear the burden (of the weak) and provide for the needy, show hospitality to people and help (them) endure the hardships of fate!” And after that, Khadija left the house with him and brought him to her cousin Waraq bin Nawfal bin Asad bin 'Abd al-'Uzza, who in the era of Jahiliyya (the times of pre-Islamic paganism in Arabia) converted to Christianity and used the writing of the Jews for his records , copied from the Gospel what was pleasing to Allah, and (by that time) was already a profoundly blind old man. Khadija said to him: “O son of my uncle, listen to your nephew!” Varaka asked him: “O nephew, what do you see?” - and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, informed him of what he saw. Waraqa said: “This is the same angel whom Allah sent to Musa! Oh, if only I were young (in these days) and could live to see the time when your people begin to drive you out!” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: “Will they drive me out?” Varaka replied: “Yes, for whenever a person appeared with anything similar to what you brought with you, they always fought with him, but if I live to see that day, I will help you as much as I can!” However, Varaka soon died, and the revelations temporarily stopped."
.
(Al-Bukhari)
Then the revelations resumed Jabir bin ‘Abdullah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “(Once) I was walking (on the road) and suddenly I heard a voice from the sky. I raised my head and saw the angel Hira appearing to me (in a cave on the mountain), who (this time) was sitting on a throne between heaven and earth. I was afraid of him, returned (home) and said: “Cover me, cover me!” - after which Allah Almighty sent down (verses that said): “O wrapped one! Arise and exhort, and magnify your Lord, and cleanse your clothes, and shun filthiness...” (Sura the Wrapped 1-5) » (Bukhari). and ended 9 days before the death of the prophet. The last verse was from Surah al-Baqarah (The Cow): « Fear the day when you will be returned to Allah. Then each person will receive in full what he has acquired, and they will not be treated unfairly.” . (Surah al-Baqarah -281)
The verses of the Qur'an were revealed without a main reason, and they were also sent in connection with some event or some issue. These events and issues are called " the reason for the sending" ( « sababu nuzul"). For example: Ibn Abbas said: “When the verse “Warn your closest relatives!” was revealed! (Sura al-Shuara-214), the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) climbed Mount al-Safa and began to loudly call the tribes of Quraish: “O Banu Fihr! O Banu Adi! They gathered together, and those who could not come sent someone in their place to find out what was the matter. Abu Lahab and all the other Quraish were there. Finally, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) addressed them: “Tell me, if I tell you that there is a cavalry in the valley that is ready to attack you, will you believe me?” They replied: “Yes, because before you always spoke only the truth.” He said, “Now, I have been sent to you to warn you against severe torment.” Then Abu Lahab said: “Go to hell for the rest of your life! Have you really brought us all together for this?” . After this the following verses were sent: “May the hands of Abu Lahab be lost, and may he himself be lost. His wealth and what he acquired (position in society and children) did not save him. He will fall into the fiery Fire. His wife will carry firewood, and around her neck will be a braided rope made of palm fibers. (surah al-Masad). (The hadith was reported by Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Jarir and others). When wine was banned, people asked: « What about those who were killed in the path of Allah or died but drank wine, this abomination?” And then the verse was revealed. “For those who believe and do righteous deeds, there is no sin for what they ate, if they feared God, believed and did righteous deeds.” . (Sura al-Maida - 93) (Al-Suyuti, “Perfection in the Qur’anic Sciences. The Doctrine of the Revelation of the Qur’an,” p. 115.) Also, as an example, one can cite the verses revealed after people accused Aisha (radiyallahu "anha ) in adultery. Allah Almighty revealed verses to protect Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him) ) and cleanse it of what the liars tried to pollute it with. " Those who slandered the mother of the believers, Aisha, are a group of yourselves. Don't consider it bad for you. On the contrary, it is good for you. Each husband of them will receive the sin he has earned. And those of them who took upon themselves most of this will be destined for great torment...” (Surah an-Nur – 11-18)
Two periods of revelation of the Qur'an.
The time of prophecy is divided into 2 stages - Meccan and Medina. The Meccan period lasted 13 years (during this period the revelation of the Koran began), then 10 years until the death of the Prophet - Medina. Kuliev’s book “On the Way to the Koran” provides a chronological list of suras: Meccan suras (a total of 86 suras were revealed in 610-622) - 96, 74, 111, 106, 108, 104, 107, 102, 105, 92, 90, 94 , 93, 97, 86, 91, 80, 68, 87, 95, 103, 85, 73, 101, 99, 82, 81, 53, 84, 100, 79, 77, 78, 88, 89, 75, 83 , 69, 51, 52, 56, 70, 55, 112, 109, 113, 114, 1, 54, 37, 71, 76, 44, 50, 20, 26, 15, 19, 38, 36, 43, 72 , 67, 23, 21, 25, 17, 27, 18, 32, 41, 45, 16, 30, 11, 14, 12, 40, 28, 39, 29, 31, 42, 10, 34, 35, 7 , 46, 6, 13.
Medina suras (a total of 28 suras were revealed in 622-632) - 2, 98, 64, 62, 8, 47, 3, 61, 57, 4, 65, 59, 33, 63, 24, 58, 22, 48, 66 , 60, 110, 49, 9, 5.
During the Meccan period, suras were revealed that dealt with aspects of faith and morality. Most of the suras of the Koran of the Meccan period are devoted to stories from the lives of the prophets, for example: Surah Maryam, Surah Al-Anbiya (Prophets), and also concern faith in Allah, in the future life, in the prophecy of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), paradise and hell, they also discuss moral and ethical aspects (mercy, spirituality, truthfulness, modesty, humility, fear of God, for example: Surah al-Maun), talk about death, the liberation of slaves, etc. These suras do not contain laws, but lay their foundations. The Medina suras established such regulations as prayer (salat) and charity.
In 622, the Hijra occurred, that is, when the Prophet Muhammad, fleeing the Quraysh who wanted to kill him, moved to Medina. The Medina period began. The suras revealed during this period contain mainly religious instructions, issues related to jihad, family and legal problems, inheritance, punishments for misdeeds and crimes, for example: surah al-Baqarah.
Recording of the Quran
The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) treated the sent verses very carefully, he gave orders to write down the verses as soon as they were sent down to him. He had about 40 scribes who wrote down the verses. Even when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was on military campaigns and in difficult periods of his life, there was a person next to him who kept notes. The first such person in Mecca was Abdullah bin Saad bin Abu Sarh. And in Medina - Ubey bin Ka'b. Among those who helped the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in recording the Quran were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman bin Af-fan, Ali bin Abu Talib, az-Zubair bin al-Awwam, Khalid bin Said bin al-As and many others . At this time, verses were written on date palm leaves, stones, pieces of leather, and ink was made from soot and soot. During the recording, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said in which surah to write this or that verse. Ibn Abbas said that Uthman bin Affan said: “When several surahs were revealed at once and some revelation was sent down to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), he called one of the scribes to him and said: “Place this in the surah that says about something." Afterwards, this recording was listened to and if there were errors, it was corrected. Also, all the suras were memorized by the companions of the Prophet, thanks to this the Koran has reached us in the form in which it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Allah Almighty knows best.
The Qur'an is the word of Allah. And therefore he is protected in the Preserved Tablet, as it is said in the Koran itself:
بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَّجِيدٌ ◌ فِي لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ
“This is the glorious Koran that is in the Preserved Tablet.”(Quran, 85:21–22)
It was sent down from the Preserved Tablet in two stages. In the first stage, the entire Quran was sent completely to the House of Honor located in the heavens of this world. And only then, over a 23-year period, the Holy Book was gradually, as necessary, transferred to the noble prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Qur'an itself uses two words to indicate its revelation: inzal (إنزال) and tanzil (تنزيل). The first can be translated as a one-time sending down, and the second as a gradual one. Accordingly, when the word “insal” is used in the Qur’an, it implies the sending down from the Preserved Tablet to the heavens of this world, for example:
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُّبَارَكَةٍ
"We sent him down on a blessed night..."(Quran, 44:3)
And when the second word appears, it refers to gradual, temporally separated revelations to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Allah said:
وَقُرْآنًا فَرَقْنَاهُ لِتَقْرَأَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَىٰ مُكْثٍ وَنَزَّلْنَاهُ تَنزِيلًا
“And this is the Quran, sent down by Us in parts, so that you gradually read it to people. We sent it down in stages."(Quran, 17:106)
These two forms of revelation of the Quran are spoken of in the verses themselves. In addition, Nasai, Hakim, Bayhak, Ibn Abi Shaiba, Tabarani and Ibn Mardawiyya cited several reports from Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), confirming the fact of the first sending down from heaven to this world and the subsequent gradual revelation to the Prophet (may Allah bless him). Allah welcomes).
First sending down
About the first revelation, the reports of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) say only that it was the transmission of the Quran from the Preserved Tablet to specific place in the heavens of this world, called the House of Honor (بيت العزة) or, in other words, the Visited House (البيت المعمور). It is located exactly above the Kaaba and is a temple for angels.
If we talk about when this happened, and what is the wisdom of such an event, then nothing can be said with certainty. But some theologians - for example, Sheikh Abu Shamah (may Allah have mercy on him) - argued that this was done in order to emphasize the greatness of the Qur'an and to let the angels of this place know that this is the last Scripture that will be revealed to guide people on earth. Zarkani (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote in his book “Sources of Knowledge of the Quranic Disciplines” that the purpose of the two stages of revelation was to establish the certainty of the Divine nature of the Quran. He also said that the Scripture was preserved not only in the memory of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), but also in two other places: the Preserved Tablet and the House of Honor. And Allah knows best.
However, is it possible for anyone to fully understand the wisdom that lies behind the commands of Allah? Only Allah knows this, and our research in this area will be fruitless. But we know for sure that this happened on the Night of Power.
Second revelation
It is almost unanimously accepted that the second revelation of the Quran began when the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was forty years old. And according to recognized opinion, this happened on the Night of Power. This happened on the same day on which the Battle of Badr took place eleven years later. The Koran says:
وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ
“...and what We revealed to Our servant (Muhammad) on the day of discrimination, on the day when the two armies met (at Badr).” (Quran, 8:41)
And here we find that the facts about the beginning of the revelation of the Quran are confirmed by the Holy Book itself:
a) it happened in Ramadan,
b) on the Night of Power,
c) on the same day as the Battle of Badr.
However, we cannot establish the date with absolute accuracy. There are various reports in this regard, which name dates such as the 17th, 19th and 27th of Ramadan.
The first verse revealed
The accepted opinion in this matter is that the first lines of the Quran revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were the opening verses of the chapter “The Clot”. In the collection “Sahih” Bukhari, Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says that revelation began with prophetic dreams. After this, Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) developed a special desire for prayer and reflection. For this purpose, he secluded himself for some days and nights in the Khira cave. And one day Allah sent an angel there, whose first word was:“Read!” (اقْرَأْ).
“The angel squeezed me so tightly that it was very difficult for me, and, letting go, he repeated:
- Read!
The angel squeezed me even tighter and, releasing me, said:
– Read!
Then the angel squeezed me a third time and said:
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ ◌ خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ ◌ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
“Recite in the name of your Lord, who created (all things). He created man from a blood clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous.” (Quran 96:1–3)
When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) returned home after revealing these verses, his heart beat strongly. Entering the house, he turned to his wife Khadija (may Allah be pleased with her):
- Cover me! Cover me! (زملوني، زملوني)
And until the fear passed, he was covered with a blanket.
These were the first verses revealed to him. This event was followed by three years during which there was no revelation from God. This time is called a pause in revelation (فترة الوحي). Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) again saw the same angel sitting on a chair between heaven and earth and conveyed to him the verses of the chapter of the Qur'an "Wrapped". However, in this regard there are some other opinions that are worth mentioning:
a) The message of Ibn Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), transmitted by Bukhari in the chapter on the interpretation of the Quran, says that the first verses revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) were from the chapter “The Wrapped”. Therefore, some theologians believed that these verses were revealed before the opening verses of the chapter “Clot”. But Sheikh Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) explained that the narration of Ibn Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) quoted in this chapter was abbreviated and two sentences are missing from it. We find the same message in Bukhari in the chapter on the beginning of revelation. It is quoted from Imam Zuhri from the words of Ibn Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) and contains the following words:
فإذا الملك الذي جاءني بحراء جالسا على كرسي
“And then (I saw) that angel who had previously come to the cave of Khira, sitting on a chair.”
From this it is clear that the verses of the chapter “Clot” were revealed earlier. However, it may be true to say that the verses of the chapter “Wrapped” were the first to be revealed after a pause in revelation, or that this chapter was the first to be fully transmitted, since the chapter “Clot” was revealed only partially in the cave of Hira.
b) Imam Bayhaqi quoted a message from Amr ibn Khubayl (may Allah be pleased with him) that before the revelation, the Prophet told Khadija (may Allah be pleased with her) how he heard the words: “Oh, Muhammad! O Muhammad! - when you are left alone. And this continued until one day a voice said: “Oh, Muhammad! In the name of the All-Merciful and Merciful Allah, all praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds...” (until the end of the first chapter of the Koran).
Based on this narrative, Sheikh Zamakhshari argued that the first revealed chapter of the Qur'an was the "Opening" (Al-Fatiha). Moreover, he believed that this was the opinion of the majority of commentators on the Qur'an. But Sheikh Ibn Hajar refuted his words and said that Zamakhshari was mistaken here, and there are very few theologians who would agree with him, and most of the commentators of the Koran believed that the initial verses of the chapter “Clot” were revealed first.
If we talk about the previously mentioned message of Bayhaka, we need to note his own words when he reported that if this narration is true, then this event may have occurred after the revelation of the chapters “Clot” and “Wrapped Up”. Sheikh Anwar Shah Kashmiri spoke about the possibility of sending down the “Opening” chapter twice (as happened with some verses): the first time before the Clot, the second time after it. In this case, we should recognize that the first reading of the Revealer was not a Qur'anic revelation, that is, an angel simply read this chapter, and subsequently, at the appointed time, it was revealed as part of the Qur'an. In any case, all messages, with the exception of these three, indicate that the initial verses of the chapter “The Clot” were revealed first. Sheikh Suyuti cited a number of different narrations in support of this view.
Note
See Suyuti. Mastery of the Quranic sciences. – Volume 1, page 41, chapter 16.
Tahir Kurdi. History of the Koran. – Jeddah: 1365 AH. – Page 20.
It is widely known that he was initiated into the rank of prophets in the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal through prophetic dreams. This went on for six months. Then, in the month of Ramadan, the Quran began to be revealed. (Suyuti. Mastery of the Quranic Sciences. – Volume 1, p. 42)
See Ibn Jarir Tabari. A collection of explanations regarding the interpretation of the Koran. - Egypt. – Volume 10, page 7.
Bukhari. Sahih. – The chapter is about what the condition of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was when the revelation came.
Ibn Hajar. Triumph of the Creator. – Volume 1, page 23. For more details, see Anwar Shah Kashmiri. Wealth of the Creator. – Volume 1, page 25; Suyuti. Mastery of the Quranic sciences. – Volume 1, pp. 24–25.
From the book: “‘Ulum al-Qur’an”
The essence of divine revelation
The science of the Qur'an includes many different and important sciences, in particular revelation and its revelation. Anyone who does not believe in revelation cannot believe in the revelation of the Qur'an, since the Qur'an is one of the types of revelation that was transmitted to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ through the angel Jibril (peace be upon him). From the history of Islam it is known that the first revelation to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ came at the age of forty, and it began with a prophetic dream. Then the love of solitude was instilled in Him. He often began to retire to the cave of Hira, where he worshiped Allah for many nights.
Meanings of the word "wahyu" (وحي )
The lexical meaning of the verb “waha” (وحي), the masdar (verbal name) of which is the word “ wahyu» – indicate, tell secretly, command, subordinate, write to another, send.
In the Qur'an this word comes in different meanings:
- suggestion;
The Koran says:
وأوحينا إلى أم موسى أن أرضعيه
(meaning): " And We inspired in the heart of Musa's mother to breastfeed her son "(Surah Al-Qasas: 7).
- the instigation of the shaitan;
The Koran says:
وإن الشياطين ليوحون إلى أولياهم ليجادلوكم
(meaning): " Indeed, Satan incites his followers (pagans) to argue with you, bringing false arguments "(Sura al-An'am, 121).
As for the Sharia definition of the term “wahyu” (revelation), this is Allah teaching His chosen slave (prophet, messenger) various knowledge that He wished to reveal to him secretly.
How the very first revelation was sent down
The hadith reports that the mother of the believers, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), said:
« Sending down revelations to the Messenger of Allahﷺ began with a prophetic dream. In a dream he saw a radiance like the dawn. Then a love of solitude was instilled in him, and he began to often retire to the cave of Hira. There he worshiped Allah for many nights. Then he returned to Khadija and took everything he needed for another similar solitude. This continued until he had a revelation while he was in the cave of Hira. An angel appeared to him and said:
― Read!
To which he replied:
« Then he took me and squeezed me so that I tensed to the limit, and then he let me go and again ordered: “Read!” I said, “I can’t read!” He squeezed me a second time so that I again tensed to the limit, and then let go and ordered: “ Read!” - and I said again: “I can’t read!” Then he squeezed me a third time and then released me and said:
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
“Read in the name of your Lord, who created, created man from a clot! Read, and your Lord is the most generous... ”
And after that, Khadija left the house with him and brought him to her cousin Waraq bin Nawfal bin Asad bin 'Abd al-'Uzza, who, during the era of Jahiliyya, converted to Christianity, used the writing of the Jews for his notes and copied from the Gospel what it was pleasing to Allah. By that time he was already a profoundly blind old man. Khadija told him: “ O son of my uncle, listen to your nephew! "Waraka asked him: " O nephew, what do you see? ” - and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed him of what he saw. Varaka said: “ This is the same angel whom Allah sent to Musa! Oh, if I were young and could live to see the time when your people begin to drive you out! ”
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked: “ Will they drive me out? " Waraka replied: " Yes, for whenever a person appeared with anything similar to what you brought with you, they always fought with him. If I live to see this day, I will help you as much as I can! “However, Waraka soon died, and the revelations temporarily ceased.” (Bukhari)
Renewal of revelation
It is reported that Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with them both), while talking about the period of temporary cessation of revelations, said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
بينما أنا أمشى سمعت صوتا من السماء فرفعت بصري فإذا الملك الذى جاء في حراء جالس على كرسي بين السماء والارض ، فرعبت منه فرجعت ، فقلت : زملوني زملوني ، فأنزل الله تعالى عز وجلّ : (يأيها المدثر ، قم فأنظر) الى قوله تعالى والرجز فاهجر) . فحمي الوحي وتواتر )
« One day I was walking along the road and suddenly I heard a voice from heaven. I raised my head and saw the same angel who appeared to me in the cave of Hira, who this time was sitting on a throne between heaven and earth. I was scared of him, returned home and said: "Cover me, cover me! " - after which Allah Almighty sent down verses that said: " O wrapped one! Arise and exhort... "And after this, the revelations resumed with renewed vigor and began to come one after another."
Nasir Suleymanov
Teacher "DTI" named after Said Afandi
Loading...
