What are the personal pronouns in English? Possessive pronouns in English. As a conclusion

- a topic without which it is impossible to explain and even difficult to put together the simplest English sentence. Therefore, it’s worth studying this whole thing a little and strengthening yourself with a couple of new words, or if you already have a basic level of English, you can read something new for yourself.

The author of this article did not want to write much about the entire grammar of pronouns in English, in order to free your mind from unnecessary classifications and other heresies, so the “meat” that is most often used in the English language is laid out here.

Starting with the basics of the English language, let's remember what pronouns we knew or didn't know that answer the question “Who?” There are not so many of them, only 7 pieces.

№	Pronoun	Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation	Example
1	I	I		ah	I love to eat
2	You, you	You		yu	You took 5 dollars
3	We	We		vyi	We work every day
4	They	They	[ðei]	zay	They went to sleep
5	He	He		hee	He is a doctor
6	She	She	[∫i:]	shi	She likes to dance
7	He, she, it	It		it	It ran to the guys

In graphic format:

Let's look at a couple of nuances:

• The pronoun "It" replaces everything inanimate objects, as well as animals:

Where is the book? It is on the table. -Where is the book? It's on the table.

My cat is very funny. It runs and jumps all day long. – My cat is very funny. He runs and jumps all day.

Important: Do not replace people with the pronoun “It”. For third parties, only the pronouns “He”, “She” and “They”!

• To verbs that come after the pronouns “He”, “She” and “It”, in the present tense we add the ending “-s” or “-es” after the endings -ch, -x, -sh, -ss, -s, -o:

He love s me. - He loves me.

She open s the windows every morning. – She opens the windows every morning.

The dog like s to bark. This dog likes to bark.

• In English, the pronoun “I - I” is always written with a capital letter.
• The pronoun “You” can be used both to address one person and to address a group of people.
• The pronoun "You", when addressed in writing, is not capitalized (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence). To express respect for another person, other words are used.

All these pronouns in English know how to bow. Namely, they can all answer the question “Whom?” To whom?":

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whom? To whom?	Pronunciation	Example
1	I	I	me, me	me	mi	Give me money
2	You, you	you	you, you	you	yu	I love you
3	We	we	us, us	us	ac	They see us
4	They	they	them, them	them	zem	Do it for them
5	He	he	him, him	him	chem	She go to him
6	She	she	her, her	her	hey	I left with her
7	He, she, it	it	him, him, her	it	it	Medicine helped it

To reinforce this, let’s take more detailed examples:

• I gave you the key. - I gave you the key.
• They don't give me to train. “They don’t let me train.”
• Do do you understand me? - Do you understand me?
• They will not understand us. - They won't understand us.
• I helped them. - I helped them.
• I heard that you have a new notebook. Show it me please. – I heard that you have a new laptop. Show it to me please.

Also, all these 7 basic pronouns can decline and answer the question “Whose?” or “Whose?”:

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whose? Whose?	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I	I	my, my	my		May
2	You, you	you	yours, yours	your		yoar
3	We	we	our	our	[‘aΩə]	ave
4	They	they	their	their	[ðεə]	Zea
5	He	he	his	his		xyz
6	She	she	her	her		hey
7	He, she, it	it	him, her	its		its

For example:

• Will I take your car? - Shall I take your car?
• I bought their house yesterday. – I bought their house yesterday.
• She will finish her project tonight. She will finish her project at night.
• The monkey did it its hands. “The monkey did it with his own hands.”
• This is my friends. - These are my friends.

Note; do not confuse “It’s - it is” and its !

And let’s summarize everything in a general table:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (whom? to whom?)	Pronoun (whose? whose?)
1	I – I	me – me, me	my - mine, mine
2	You - you, you	you - you, you	your – yours, yours, yours
3	We - We	us - us, to us	our – ours
4	They - They	them – theirs, to them	their - theirs
5	He – He	him – him, him	his - his
6	She - She	her - her, her	her - her
7	It – he, she, it (object)	it – his, him, her (subject)	its – his, her (object, animal)

Analyze this block again. We know that there are a total of 7 basic pronouns that can answer the question “Who?” or the question “Whom?” To whom?”, or to the question “Whose?” Whose?". And if you have secured this material well, then we move on.

The pronoun "it" has several important functions in English:

First, we learned that the pronoun “it” is used to replace the names of all objects, animals and any other animate or inanimate phenomena. In short, everything except people!

Secondly, the pronoun “it” means or is translated as “this”. Example:

• It is very interesting - This is very interesting.
• It's Mike. Open the door! - This is Mike. Open the door!
• It's her new style. - This is her new style.
• Who is it? - Who is this?

Well, thirdly, the pronoun “it” is not translated at all, but is used simply to talk about the weather, time, condition, etc. Example:

• It is frost - frost (outside).
• It is bright day - a wonderful day.
• It will be windy - It will be windy.
• It’s 5 o’clock - five o’clock
• It’s was cool - It was cool.
• It will be very funny - It will be very fun.

In English, our basic pronouns answer the question “Whose?” or “Whose?”, can be transformed into an absolute form in order to avoid repetition of the defined subject, namely:

№	Pronoun (whose? whose?)	Absolute pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	my - mine, mine	mine – mine, mine		main
2	your – yours, yours	yours – yours, yours		yearz
3	our – ours	ours – ours	[‘auəz]	Avaz
4	their - theirs	theirs - theirs	[ðεəz]	zeaz
5	his - his	his - his		xyz
6	her - her	hers - her		hez
7	its - his, her	its - his, her		its

Let's present these pronouns graphically:

Example:

• Did you see my keys? – No, I didn’t. But mine is here. (mine instead of my keys)

Have you seen my keys? - No, but mine are here.

• Your tables are smaller than theirs. (theirs instead of their tables)

Your tables are smaller than theirs.

• Whose car is this? - It's hers. (hers instead of her car)

Whose car is this? - This is hers.

Thus, this absolute form frees us from repetitions of objects and indicates the owner of these very objects.

The last important transformation of our base pronouns is independent pronouns. How can you correctly say “yourself, yourself, yourself, yourself” in English and show independence of actions? Let's take a look:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (self)	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I - I	myself - I myself		may-self
2	You – you, you (singular)	yourself - you yourself		yoa-self
2	You – you (plural)	yourselves - yourself		yoa-savs
3	We - we	ourselves - we ourselves	[‘auə’selvz]	ave-selves
4	They - they	themselves - they themselves	[ðəm’selvz]	Zem-Salves
5	He – he	himself - himself		chemical self
6	She - she	herself - she herself		hyo-self
7	It – he, she, it	itself - it itself		it-self

Example:

• I will do it myself - I'll do it myself.
• It subsidized itself – It settled down by itself.
• She will not do it herself - She will not do it herself.
• Will you call her yourself? – Will you call her yourself?
• You can do it yourselves - You can do it yourself.
• They cope themselves - They can handle it themselves

There are pronouns in English that, when combined with the words “thing, one, body, where,” form another series of frequently used pronouns. Let's look at these very pronouns:

• some – some;
• any - any;
• every – everyone;
• no – negative prefix;

All these pronouns, in combination with the above words, generate new words:

Association	Thing	Body		Where
some	something anything something	somebody anyone someone	someone anyone someone	somewhere somewhere somewhere
	anything anything all sorts of things	anybody anyone any	anyone anyone any	anywhere somewhere anywhere
	nothing Nothing	nobody nobody	no one nobody	nowhere nowhere
every	everything All	everybody All	everyone every	everywhere everywhere

In this table, if you notice, there are some pitfalls:

1. Combinations with the pronouns some and any are translated the same way, but in the context they are used differently, since “any” means “any”, and “some” means “some”. IN affirmative sentences the pronoun “some” is almost always used,and in interrogatives or negative sentences- any. For example:

• Is anybody here? - Is anyone here?
• I feel someone was here. – I feel someone was here.
• I didn't see anybody there. – I didn’t see anyone there.

2. Conversions with "-body" and "-one" are synonymous. It makes no difference whether you say “everybody” or you say “everyone.” Combinations with “-one” are more modern in American English and therefore you will hear them more often.

3. Here you could add the word “-time” and also get a series of combinations (sometimes, anytime, everytime, no time). But in American English they use only one - sometimes (sometimes). For others there are analogues:

• instead of “no time” - never - never;
• instead of “everytime” – always – always;

It is important that it will not be a mistake to use any combination with “-time”. They're just rarely used anymore. Moreover, “everytime” is translated rather as “every time”, and it is perfect for strengthening the expression:

• You always clean your shoes – You clean your always shoes.
• Every time you clean your shoes.

There are also frequently used combinations with the pronoun “any”:

• anyhow - however you like;
• anyway - in any case, be that as it may;
• anytime - at any time;

And simple examples with these pronouns:

• Sometimes I feel myself very good – Sometimes I feel very good;
• I know someone of you was in a club yesterday - I know that one of you was in the club yesterday;
• Nobody know about it - Nobody knows about it (in English there can be only one negation in a sentence);
• Call her and tell that I will be somewhere in the center about 8 o’clock - call her and tell her that I will be somewhere in the center at about 8 o’clock;
• Everybody rest now. Come later - Now everyone is resting. Check back later

And now let's quickly go over the small pronouns.

Meet the pronoun “each other”, translated as “each other”. Can be combined with prepositions:

• for each other - for each other;
• with each other - with each other;
• without each other - without each other;
• about each other - about each other;

Example:

• They do it for each other - They do this for each other.
• Will you exchange with each other? – Will you exchange with each other?
• We can’t live without each other - We cannot live without each other.
• Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other - Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other.

Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
this - this	[ðɪs]	zis
that - that	[ðæt]	zet
these - these	[ði:z]	ziiis
those – those	[ðəuz]	zous

In graphic format:

Example:

• I ran this morning – I ran this morning.
• We were there that evening – We were there that evening.
• These books are ours – These books are ours.
• She went there to ask those guys - She went there to ask those guys.

That's all the foundation that should be laid in each of us over time. The daily ten-minute habit of composing new English sentences using pronouns will dispel fear and make you rise to a higher level in English. Study a little, practice a lot and smile more.

If you have something to add or want to ask something on this topic, then don’t be shy - write to us in the comments.

Greetings, dear reader.

At the beginning of learning English, you can encounter so many things that are frightening and incomprehensible that it is not difficult to discourage all desire to learn. But if you approach the issue wisely, you can achieve significant success. Today, so that the desire to learn does not run away, the lesson will be devoted to a topic from the very “basics”: “Pronouns of the English language.”

With experience, I have come to the conclusion that any information needs to be sorted into shelves. Therefore, I will give you everything in a table, with translation and even pronunciation.

Let's get started, I guess.

Personal pronouns

The first thing you should become familiar with when learning a language is personal pronouns. This is what we use in speech every day. I, we, you, he, she, them, us, you... - all this forms the basis of any proposal. On initial stage 50% of your proposals will start with them. The rest will naturally contain nouns. Below in the table you can study them visually.

Possessive pronouns

« What's mine is mine! “- or a story about how to understand what kind of word “possessive” pronouns are. Mine, hers, his, theirs, ours - that's what hides behind this word. By the way, another 20% of your words will begin with these words: my mother- my mother,her dog- her dog.

By the way, if you thought that everything would end so simply, then you were sorely mistaken, because we have not yet discussed absolute possessive pronouns.

You probably have a question, what is the difference. The difference is that after these pronouns we do not use nouns. Let's look at an example:

It is my pen . - This is my pen.

The pen is mine. - This pen my.

The ball is his. - This ball his.

And note that in sentences with possessive pronouns the logical stress shifts to their side! The importance of who owns the thing comes first here!

Demonstrative pronouns

Often in speech it is necessary to use demonstrative pronouns. That, those, these, this - all these forms of pronouns are very often used in both written and spoken language. Let's take a closer look at how we can use them.

Reflexive pronouns

Probably not everyone has heard what reflexive pronouns are. Somewhere in 3rd grade shocked schoolchildren begin to clutch their heads in search of an explanation. This is understandable, because in Russian we rarely use them in principle, and we are just starting to learn English.

If you still have questions that I could not answer in this lesson, ask them in the comments. If your thirst for knowledge requires more, subscribe to my newsletter. Regular and professional help in learning the language awaits you. For both children and adults, I have the most valuable and useful information from my experience.

See you!

P.S. Don’t forget to consolidate the information received, and then you can take it by storm)).

From this article you will learn what types of pronouns in English exist, as well as how to use them correctly. Let's divide all the material on pronouns into 2 parts: for beginners(level 1) and for those who continue(level 2).

Table No. 1. Personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns

All pronouns are connected and have initial form, which is also the main one - this is the first column of the table.

Let's start studying English pronouns with the most important pronouns: personal and possessive.

Pronouns in English

Part 1. Pronouns in English for beginners

1. Personal pronouns. Personal and Objective Pronouns

Personal pronouns can be in the nominative and objective case (see table No. 2)

1. The pronoun in the nominative case ONLY performs the function of the subject, so let’s call it subject pronoun. It answers the question in the nominative case: who? (What?)

2. The pronoun in the objective case performs the function of a complement in a sentence, let’s call it object pronoun. It answers the questions of indirect cases: whom? to whom? whom? by whom? about whom?

Pronouns - Objects are sometimes called Objective Pronouns.

Table 2. Personal pronouns in the nominative and objective cases.

EXAMPLE. He met him near the cinema. He(who?) met (who?) his near the cinema.

2. Possessive pronouns. Possessive pronouns

Each personal pronoun has a corresponding possessive pronoun that answers the question Whose? -Whose?

Basic form of the possessive pronoun used in cases where it is followed by the noun it defines.

EXAMPLE. This is my book, and that is your book. This my book, and that one - yours book.

Independent form of pronoun used when the defined noun is omitted to avoid repetition.

3. Interrogative pronouns. Wh-words

Part 2. Pronouns in English for advanced students

We just have to study returnable and relative pronouns. As for reflexive pronouns, they are not so common and play a rather minor role. Knowing relative pronouns is important! They are used in composing complex sentences and writing various types written works.

4. Reflexive pronouns. Reflexive Pronouns or Self-pronouns

Reflexive pronouns correspond to Russian pronouns himself, by himself, to himself, as well as return particles -sya (sya), added to a series of verbs.

Quickly go:

A pronoun is a part of speech that is used instead of a noun.

Pushkin is the greatest Russian poet. He was born in 1799
Pushkin is the greatest Russian poet. He was born in 1799.

Pronouns in English can be used in a sentence as a function:

Not a doctor.
He is a doctor.

The red pencil is mine.
My red pencil.

I have not seen him.
I didn't see him.

I cannot find my pencil.
I can't find my pencil.

Simple form Possessive pronouns are always required after a noun and, being its definition, exclude the use of an article before this noun:

My pencil is on the table.
My pencil is on the table.

Absolute form Possessive pronouns are used independently - nouns are never placed after them.

This pencil is mine.
This pencil is mine.

Refundable pronouns come after many verbs and correspond in Russian to the particle - "Xia" ("s"), which is attached to verbs, showing that the action passes to the actor himself:

Not defended himself.
He defended himself.

Don't cut yourself.
Don't cut yourself.

Pronouns in English: table with translation and examples

Table. Pronouns.

1. Personal (Personal Pronouns)	nominative (Nominative Case)	objective case (Objective Case)
	I- I you- you, you he- He she- she it- he, she, it we- We you- You they- They	me- me, me you- you, you, you, you him- him, him her- her, her it- his, her, him, her us- us, us you- you, you them- them, them
2. Possessives (Possessive Pronouns)	I form	II form
	mу- my (i, -e, -i) your- yours (-i, -e, -i), yours (a, -e, -i) his- his her- her its- him, her our- our (a, -e, -i) your- your (-a, -e, -i) their- their all these pronouns can also be translated by the word your	mine- my (i, -e, -i) yours- yours (i, -e, -i), yours (a, -e, -i) his- his hers- her its- him, her ours- our (-a, -e, -i) yours- your (-a, -e, -i) theirs- their
3. Return and amplifier (Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns)	myself- (I) myself, myself (-a) yourself- (you, you) yourself, yourself (s) himself- (he) himself, himself herself- (she) herself, herself itself- (it) itself, itself ourselves- (we) ourselves, ourselves yourselves- (you) yourself, yourself themselves- (they) themselves, themselves
4. Mutual (Reciprocal Pronouns)	each other- each other one another- one another
5. Index fingers (Demonstrative Pronouns)	this (these) - this, this, this, (these) that (those) - that, that, that, (those) such- such the same- the same, the same
6. Interrogative (Interrogative Pronouns)	who (whom) - who, (whom) whose- whose what- what, what, which, who which- which, which, who, what
7. Relative and connecting (Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns)	who (whom) - who (whom), which (whom) whose- whose, whom what- what, which which- which, which, who, what that- which
8. Undefined (Indefinite Pronouns)	some- some, some, a little (approved sentence) any- some, some (in questions and negative sentences), any one- someone, some all- everything, everything, everything, everything each- every every- everyone, everyone other- other(s) another- another both- both many- many, many much- a lot few- few, few little- few either- any (of two) no- none, none, no none- no one, nothing neither- neither one nor the other, no one, nothing
Use
1. Personal	subject I shall speak to him. - I'll talk to him. addition I shall speak to him. - I'll talk to him. part of the predicate That was he. - That was him.
2. Possessives	definition Her paper was interesting. - Her article was interesting. subject My room is large, yours is larger. - My room is big, yours is bigger. part of the predicate This paper is his. - This article is his. addition We haven’t seen your paper, we have seen only theirs. We didn't see your article, we only saw theirs.
3. Return and amplifier	addition I wash myself. - I'm washing my face. Not himself saw it. - He saw it himself. Didn't saw it himself. - He saw it himself.
4. Mutual	addition They greeted each other.- They greeted each other.
5. Index fingers	subject This was pleasant. - It was nice. addition He likes this. - He likes it. part of the predicate It was that. - That was (just) that. definition I know these songs. - I know these songs.
6. Interrogative	subject Who knows this story? - Who knows this story? addition What did you see there? - What did you see there? part of the predicate What has she become? - Who has she become? definition Which month is the warmest? - Which month is the warmest?
7. Relative and connecting	subject The man who is sitting there is my friend. - The man who sits there is my friend. addition I don't know whom he sent there. - I don't know who he sent there. part of the predicate The question is who will go there. - The question is who will go there. definition I don't know whose paper this is. - I don’t know whose article this is.
8. Undefined	subject One must do it. - We need to do this. addition He told us something. - He told us something. definition Any student can do it. - Any student can do this. part of the predicate It is too much for me. - This is too much for me.
Translation: pronouns