Verbs in Spanish. Spanish verb conjugation. Spanish verbs of the first group (-ar) regular Complete list of regular verbs in Spanish


Verbos regulares. Presente de Indicativo.
Moods

In order to immerse yourself in the grammar of the Spanish language, let’s return briefly to the school Russian language course.

Do you remember that in Russian there are moods:

  • indicative - when we imagine the process as real,
  • imperative - when we order or ask to do something,
  • conditional - when we talk about possible or desirable actions.

IN Spanish the same inclinations exist. Plus, one more thing is added to them - the subjunctive, which will be discussed later.

Time

Each mood has its own branched system of tenses. There are many more of them than in Russian, sixteen to be precise. But don’t be alarmed in advance – we will gradually master them.

And let's start studying the aspectual-tense system of the Spanish verb from the simplest tense - present indicative. Presente de Indicativo.

This tense is used to indicate

  • simple action happening at the moment:

    • Yo escucho la música.
    I listen to music.

  • long-term action that began in the past and continues to the present:

    • Estudiamos El idioma español.
    We are studying Spanish.

  • repeating actions in the present:

    • Siempre compramos frutas en este mercado.
    We always buy fruits at this market.

  • actions planned for the near future:

    • Mañana voy a Cusco.
    Tomorrow I will go to Cusco.

In today's lesson we will talk about regular Spanish verbs in this tense.

Regular verbs

All regular verbs are divided into three groups depending on their ending:

  • verbs starting with -AR,
  • verbs starting with -ER,
  • verbs starting with -IR,

As in Russian, Spanish verbs are conjugated. Verb conjugation depends on personal pronouns (see lesson 4).

Verbs starting with -ar

Learn a few verbs of the first group.

bailar - to dance
cantar - to sing
cenar - to have dinner
comprar - buy
desayunar - to have breakfast
escuchar - listen
estudiar - to study
fumar - to smoke
hablar - to speak
practicar - to practice, to practice
preguntar - to ask
trabajar - to work

Using the example of a verb hablar get acquainted with the conjugation of verbs of the first group.

habl-ar – to speak

In place of the ending –ar we substitute new endings.

Please note that the word You in Spanish it behaves differently than in Russian. Our You with a capital letter for one person takes the same ending as words He And she. And the word You for a group of people has the same endings as the word They.

Let's look at examples of how these verbs behave in speech:

Yo trabaj o en un colegio.
I work at a school.

Tú cant as muy bien.
You sing very well.

Mi hermano no problem a la música classica.
My brother doesn't listen to classical music.

Mi hermana bail a muy bien.
My sister dances very well.

Usted no fuss a¿verdad?
You don't smoke, do you?

Nosotros practical amos taekwondo.
We practice taekwondo.

¿Estudi áis ustedes much?
Do you study a lot?

Los niños pregunt an demasiado.
Children ask too much.

Hoy ustedes cen an en el restaurant Praga.
Today you are having dinner at the Prague restaurant.

Word order in a sentence
  • As you can see from the examples, in negative phrases the negative particle no comes before the verb: Usted no fuma.
  • IN interrogative sentences Without a question word, the word order is as follows - first the verb-predicate, then the pronoun or noun-subject: ¿ Estudiá is ustedes mucho?
  • In interrogative sentences with a question word, the question word comes first, then the verb, and after it the subject, expressed by a pronoun or noun: ¿ Dó nde trabaja Usted? – Where do you work?
Some question words

qué - what
quién - who
de qué - from what, about what
de quién - whose, whose, whose
de quiénes - whose
como - how
donde - where
de donde - from where
a donde - where
por qué - why

¿ Quien trabaja en el hospital?
Who works at the hospital?

¿ Có mo canta tu amiga?
How does your friend sing?

All interrogative pronouns in Spanish they are written with a graphic accent symbol!

As I discussed in Lesson 4, personal pronouns are sometimes omitted in Spanish because grammatical person can be identified by the form of the verb used: ¿De hablas? -What are you talking about?

Learn a few verbs of the second group.

Verbs starting with -er

beber - to drink
comer - eat, eat
creer - to believe
leer - read
romper - to break
vender - to sell
ver - to see

Conjugation of verbs of the second group

com-er – eat, eat

Tú com es mucho.
You eat a lot.

Yo no com o dulces.
I don't eat sweets.

¿Com e s ceviche?
Do you eat ceviche?

Learn a few verbs of the third group.

Verbs starting with -ir

abrir - open
escribir - to write
recibir - to receive
subir - raise, lift, rise
vivir - to live

Conjugation of verbs of the third group

viv-ir – live

Mis amigos viv en en Moscow.
My friends live in Moscow.

No viv o con mis padres.
I don't live with my parents.

¿Dónde viv es?
Where do you live?

Now let's put three tables together to have all the information in one place.


Pronoun		 1
group		 2
group		 3
group
-AR -ER -IR
yo -o -o -o
tú -as -es -es
el
ella Usted		 -a -e -e
nosotros
nosotras		 -amos -emos -imos
vosotros
vosotras		 -áis -éis -is
ellos
ellas Ustedes		 -an -en -en

Comments on the table:

  • Regardless of the group, all verbs in the first person singular end in -O:hablo , como , vivo .
  • Verbs ending in - ar keep the vowel - a in all forms except first person singular: habl a s, habl a, habl a mos, habl á is, habl a n.
  • Verbs ending in - er keep the vowel e in all forms except first person singular: com e s.com e.com e mos, com é is, com e n.
  • The conjugation of verbs of the third group is similar to the conjugation of verbs of the second group, with the only difference being that in the forms We And You instead of a vowel - e a vowel appears - i: vivi mos, viví s.
  • At the endings of second person verbs plural the vowel is always stressed: hablá is, comé is, viví s.
Lesson assignments
  1. Pedro nunca (preguntar) ………………… en clase, es muy tímido.

    2. Pedro never asks in class, he is very modest

  2. ¿(hablar) ………………… español tu esposo?

    3. Does your husband speak Spanish?

  3. ¿(bailar)…………………salsa ustedes?.

    4. Do you dance salsa?

  4. Mis hijos (estudiar) ………………… en el colegio Pitágoras.

    5. My children study at the Pythagoras school.

  5. Yo no (fumar) ………………… .

    6. I don't smoke.

  6. ¿Por qué no (comer) …………………, hijo?

    7. Why don't you eat, son?

  7. ¿Qué (vender) ………………… en la farmacia?

    8. What do they sell at the pharmacy?

  8. Los rusos (leer) …………………

    9. Russians read a lot.

  9. Mi abuela (creer) ………………… en Dios.

    10. My grandmother believes in God.

  10. No (ver) ………………… muy bien.

    11. I can't see very well.

  11. ¿(recibir) ………………… vosotros cartas?

    12. Are you receiving letters?

  12. Nosotros (vivir) ………………… mucho tiempo en La América Latina.

    13. We live a lot of time in Latin America.

  13. Mario (escribir) ………………… una composición.

    14. Mario is writing an essay.

  14. Yo (subir) ………………… las escaleras.

    15. I go up the stairs.

  15. Tú (abrir) ………………… la ventana.

    16. You open the window.

  1. español / habláis / no / vosotros
  2. casa/desayunamos/en/nunca
  3. en/María/un/compra/supermercado/productos
  4. estudio/dos/yo/idiomas
  5. tú / en / hospital / el / trabajas / grande
  6. bebe / vodka / por qué / esposo / tu
  7. donde/tus/viven/amigos
  8. restaurante / comen / un / en / mis / clientes
  9. el/tú/abres/en/libro/página/la/25
  10. mi/esposo/carros/vende
  1. ¿Cómo te llamas?
  2. ¿De donde eres?
  3. ¿Dónde lives?
  4. ¿Dónde trabajas?
  5. ¿Dónde estudias?
  6. What does it mean?
  7. ¿De qué hablas?
  8. ¿Por qué estudias español?
  9. ¿Dónde compras tu ropa?
  10. ¿Fumas?
  11. ¿Qué deporte practicas?
  12. ¿Qué vino tomas?
  13. ¿Qué música escuchas?
  14. ¿Qué libros lees?
  15. ¿Bailas bien?

Task 1. Write the verb in the correct form.

  1. pregunta
  2. Habla
  3. Bailan
  4. estudian
  5. comes
  6. venden
  7. Recibís
  8. vivimos
  9. escribe
  10. abres

Task 2. Make up phrases from these words. Translate these phrases.

  1. Vosotros no habláis español. -You don't speak Spanish.
  2. Nunca desayunamos en casa. – We never have breakfast at home.
  3. María compra productos en un supermercado. – Maria buys groceries in the supermarket.
  4. Yo estudio dos idiomas. – I am studying two languages.
  5. Tú trabajas en el hospital grande. – You work in a big hospital.
  6. ¿Por qué bebe vodka tu esposo? – Why does your husband drink vodka?
  7. ¿Dónde viven tus amigos? – Where do your friends live?
  8. Mis clientes come en un restaurante. – My clients eat in some restaurant.
  9. Tú abres el libro en la página 25. – You open the book on page 25.
  10. Mi esposo vende carros. – My husband sells cars.

Task 3. Answer the questions.

Your answers will, of course, differ from mine. But I’ll still answer it myself so that you have an example of the correct answers.

  1. ¿Cómo te llamas? - Me llamo Oksana.
  2. ¿De donde eres? – Soy de Rusia.
  3. ¿Dónde lives? – Vivo en el Perú.
  4. ¿Dónde trabajas? – Trabajo en el Centro Cultural Ruso.
  5. ¿Dónde estudias? - No estudio.
  6. ¿Qué comes? – Como la comida peruana.
  7. ¿De qué hablas? – Hablo de mis hijos.
  8. ¿Por qué estudias español? – Por que me gusta el idioma.
  9. ¿Dónde compras tu ropa? – Compro ropa en el Centro Comercial.
  10. ¿Fumas? - No, no fumo.
  11. ¿Qué deporte practicas? – Practico taekwondo.
  12. ¿Qué vino tomas? – Tomo vino blanco.
  13. ¿Qué música escuchas? – Escucho la música pop.
  14. ¿Qué libros lees? – Leo novelas policiacas.
  15. ¿Bailas bien? - No, no bailo bien.

In any language, the verb is the most important part of speech. Verbs convey intention, desire, they give movement. Without verbs, it is impossible to logically formulate any thought.

I can, I want, I will!

Undoubtedly, the more verbs a person knows, the richer his oral speech. But when we teach foreign language, - learning verbs is very difficult. However, memorizing thousands of verbs is unnecessary; in ordinary life they are rarely needed and you can do just fine without them. It is necessary to learn only the most important and most used ones.

It cannot be said that there are words that are not worth learning at all, since everything is worth learning. However, there are 100 of the most important and necessary verbs that you must know!

There are a lot of Spanish verbs in the language, but not all of them are used equally often in speech. The table below contains the most common Spanish verbs with the corresponding translation into Russian.

Comment: We will not consider here ordinary and simple semantic verbs such as comer(There is) , beber(drink), dormir(sleep) - you need to remember them immediately, as soon as they first catch your eye!

1 abrir open
2 acabar to finish (to finish), to finish (to finish)
3 acceptar accept
4 alcanzar achieve
5 aparecer appear
6 ayudar help
7 buscar search
8 caer fall
9 cambiar change
10 comenzar start off
11 comprender understand
12 conocer know
13 conseguir achieve, achieve
14 considerar ponder
15 contar count
16 convertir transform
17 correr run; run
18 crear create
19 creer believe
20 cumplir observe; perform, perform
21 dar give
22 deber be to
23 decir say
24 dejar leave
25 descubrir open
26 dirigir guide; convert; send
27 empezar begin
28 encontrar find
29 entender understand
30 entrar enter
31 escribir write
32 escuchar listen
33 esperar wait
34 estar be
35 estudiar study; study
36 existir exist
37 explicar explain
38 formar form
39 ganar earn; win
40 gustar like
41 hablar talk
42 hacer do
43 intentar try
44 ir go
45 jugar play
46 leer read
47 levantar get up
48 llamar call
49 llegar arrive; come, come
50 llevar wear, carry; attribute
51 lograr to achieve, achieve ( something )
52 mantener support
53 mirar look
54 morir die
55 nacer be born
56 necesitar need
57 ocurrir happen
58 ofrecer suggest
59 oír hear
60 pagar pay
61 parecer seem
62 partir divide, separate
63 pasar pass; move
64 pedir ask
65 pensar think
66 perder lose
67 let's let
68 poder be able
69 poner place, put; put on
70 preguntar ask
71 presentar introduce
72 producer produce
73 quedar stay
74 querer want
75 realizar fulfill
76 recibir receive
77 reconocer confess
78 recordar remember
79 resultar turn out, turn out
80 saber know
81 sacar extract, take out
82 salir go out
83 seguir follow
84 sentir feel
85 ser be
86 servir serve
87 suponer assume
88 tener have
89 terminar end
90 tocar touch
91 tomar take; take; accept
92 trabajar work
93 traveler bring
94 tratar use; communicate
95 usar use, use, apply
96 utilizar use; use
97 venir come
98 ver look
99 vivir live
100 volver

return; come back

When learning Spanish, much attention should be paid to the verb. This way you will significantly enrich your vocabulary, because if a noun can be replaced and other parts of speech can be omitted altogether, then the verb in this sense is unique. In addition, it is impossible to use language competently without knowing the conjugation, mood and tense of the verb. This article gives a general idea of ​​the verb system in Spanish.

Verb (Verbo) is an independent part of speech that denotes an action or state. Answers questions what to do? what to do? It is a predicate in a sentence.

All Spanish verbs have three conjugation groups. By ending the infinitive –ar, -er, –ir, you can determine which of the three conjugations the verb belongs to.

  1. usual conjugation. When conjugated, the ending of the verb changes. Most verb forms belong to this group: comprar (1 sp.) – compro (buy-buy), beber (2 sp.) – bebo (drink-drink), partir (3 sp.) – parto (divide-divide).
  2. deviating conjugation. For such verbs, when conjugated, not only the ending changes, but also changes occur in the very basis: pensar (1 sp.) – pienso (think-think), volver (2 sp.) – vuelvo (turn-turn), servir (3 sp. .) – sirvo (serve-serve).
  3. individual conjugation. Each verb is inflected according to its own pattern, which you need to remember: dar (1 verb) – doy (give), haber (2 verbs) – he (have), decir (1 verb) – digo (speak) I say).

Has three faces:

1 – yo (I), nosotros (- as) (we): yo como (I eat)

2 – tú (you), vosotros (-as) (you): tú comes (you eat)

3 – é l (-a) (he, she), Usted (you), ellos (-аs) (they): él come (he eats)

Has two numbers:

singular – yo, tú, él(s), Usted

plural – nosotros (-as), vosotros (-as), ellos (-аs), Ustedes

Has four moods:

  • indicative mood(Modo indicativo) denotes an actual action that has taken place, is happening, or is about to happen. Combines eight tenses:
    • simple present tense
    • past unfinished tense ()
    • simple past tense ()
    • imperfect future tense (Futuro imperfecto)
    • present perfect tense ()
    • long past tense (pretérito pluscuamperfecto)
    • pre-past tense (Pretérito anterior)
    • perfect future tense (Futuro perfecto)

    • subjunctive mood() is used to express a request, order, command, judgment. Used in four tense forms:

    • present subjunctive (Presente de subjuntivo)
    • past imperfect subjunctive (Pretérito imperfecto de sunjuntivo)
    • past perfect subjunctive (Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)
    • long-past subjunctive (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo)

  • conditional mood() denotes an action that is possible under certain conditions. Has two forms:

    • conditional imperfective mood (Potential simple)
    • conditional perfect mood (Potencial compuesto)

  • imperative() conveys the impulse to action. It has two forms: affirmative and negative - Imperativo afirmativo and Imperativo negativo.

It has two voices: active (voz activa), in which the subject is a participant in the action, and passive (), in which the action is not performed by the subject:

Paquita pasea al perro. (Paquita walks the dog)

El perro es paseado por Paquita. (The dog is being walked by Paquita)

There are personal, conjugated, person, number, mood, voice, and impersonal forms of the verb (there is no category of person).

Non-finite verb forms include the infinitive (comer – is), infinitive phrases(al, después de + infinitive: аl llegar – having arrived), participle (i.e. verbal adjective: recibido (received), hecho (made)), and constructions with it estar, seguir, continuar, ir, andar + gerund ( combines the characteristics of a verb and: hablando (speaking), sigue estudiando (continues to work)).

Spanish lessons for beginners.

Lesson 8. Present tense of regular and irregular verbs.

This lesson covers the following grammar topics:

  • present tense of regular verbs;
  • irregular verbs;
  • verbs with changing stem;
  • estar + gerund;
  • llevar + gerund;
  • desde hace.

EXAMPLES

Hoy hace viento/frío. — It’s windy/cold today.

Fernando está cansado/enfermo. — Fernando is tired/sick.

Alguien viene/llama. - Someone is coming / calling.

Mi hija duerme/está durmiendo. — My daughter is sleeping.

Trabajo./Estoy trabajando. - I am working.

Es muy fácil/demasiado caro. - It's very easy/too expensive.

No me gusta/importa. - I don’t like / don’t care.

What do you think? - How are you doing?

¿Oyes ese ruido? - Do you hear that noise?

¿Qué pasa/está pasando? - What's happening?

GRAMMAR

All verbs in Spanish are divided into three when they end in the infinitive. conjugations.

Verbs ending in -ar refer to I conjugation

Verbs ending in -er refer to II conjugation

Verbs ending in -ir refer to III conjugation

According to the type of conjugation, verbs are divided into correct(conjugated according to a standard scheme) and incorrect(conjugated according to a special scheme for a group of verbs, or according to a special scheme for each verb).

IN present indicative(Presente de indicativo) regular verbs are conjugated as follows.

I conjugation- hablar (to speak)

yo habl o

tú habl as

el/ ella/ usted habl a

nosotros(as) habl amos

vosotros(as) habl áis

ellos/ellas/ustedes habl an

II conjugation- comer (there is)

yo com o

tú com es

el/ ella/ usted com e

nosotros(as) com emos

vosotros(as) com éis

ellos/ellas/ustedes com en

III conjugation - vivir (to live)

yo viv o

tú viv es

el/ ella/ usted viv e

nosotros(as) viv imos

vosotros(as) viv is

ellos/ellas/ustedes viv en

Personal pronouns are often omitted as subjects.

— ¿Dónde lives? — Vivo en Londres. - Where do you live? — I live in London.

Irregular verbs.

In the present tense, some verbs are irregular only in the first person singular, and regular in all other persons and numbers. For example, conocer - conozco(to know - I know) hacer - hago(to do - I do), poner - pongo(put - put), saber - sé(to know - I know) salir - salgo(to go out - I’m going out).

Some verbs, e.g. ser(be), estar(be), haber(have), ir(to go) are irregular in many persons and numbers.

Ser (to be)

yo soy

tú eres

usted, él, ella es

nosotros(as) somos

vosotros(as) sois

ustedes, ellos, ellas son

Detail verb ser reviewed in

Estar (to be)

yo estoy

tu estás

el/ ella/ usted está

nosotros(as) estamos

vosotros(as) estáis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes están

Detail verb ser reviewed in

About the difference between ser And estar you can read it in .

Haber (to have)

yo he

tu has

el/ ella/ usted ha, hay

nosotros(as) hemos

vosotros(as) habéis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes han

Detail verb haber covered in Lesson 19.

Ir (to go)

yo voy

tu vas

el/ ella/ usted va

nosotros(as) vamos

vosotros(as) vais

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes van

Note.

In many online Spanish dictionaries you can see the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs. A complete table of all forms is offered, for example, by the Reverso - Conjugation service.

Changing the verb stem.

  • Some verbs change their stem. This only happens when the stem is stressed, so the changes do not affect the 1st and 2nd person plurals.
  • The endings of verbs with a changing stem are the same as those of regular verbs.

Below are the most common verbs in this group.

Change e → ie

Verbs starting with -ar

cerrar (to close), despertar(se) (to awaken, to wake up), empezar (to begin), nevar (it is snowing), pensar (to think)

Verbs starting with -er

encender (turn on, ignite), entender (understand), perder (lose), querer (want), tener (have)

Verbs starting with -ir

herirse (to get hurt), sentir(se) (to feel), preferir (to prefer), venir (to come)

An example of a conjugation with the change e → ie

Pensar (think)

yo pienso

tu piensas

el/ ella/ usted piensa

nosotros(as) pensamos

vosotros(as) pensáis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes piensan

Note.

Tener(to have) and venir(to come), and verbs derived from them ( mantener- support, convenir- agree), are incorrect in the 1st person singular present tense: tengo(I have), vengo(I'm coming). In other faces they change the same way as pensar in the example above.

Change o → ue

Verbs starting with -ar

acostarse (go to bed), acordarse (remember, agree), comprobar (check), contar (tell), encontrar (find), mostrar (show), recordar (remember), rogar (ask)

Verbs starting with -er

devolver (to return), doler (to be sick), llover (it is raining), moverse (to move), poder (to be able to, to be able to), soler (to have a habit), volver (to return)

Verbs starting with -ir

dormir (sleep), morir (die)

Example of conjugation with change o → ue

Volver (to return)

yo vuelvo

tu vuelves

el/ ella/ usted vuelve

nosotros(as) volvemos

vosotros(as) volveis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes vuelen

Note.

In verb jugar u changes to ue(jue go, jue gas, jue ga, jugamos, jugáis, jue gan).

Change e →i

conseguir (receive, achieve), corregir (correct), elegir (choose), pedir (ask), reír (se) (laugh), repetir (repeat), seguir (follow), servir (serve)

Also pay attention to the 1st person singular form of the following verbs:

conseguir - consigo

corregir - corrijo

elegir - elijo

seguir - sigo

Example of conjugation with change e→ i

Pedir (to ask)

yo pido

tu pides

el/ ella/ usted pide

nosotros(as) pedimos

vosotros(as) pedis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes piden

Estar + gerund

Design estar + gerund used to express an action occurring at the moment of speech.

The gerund is formed by adding -ando to verbs on -ar, And -iendo to verbs on -ir And -er :

hablar - hablando

hacer - haciendo

escribir - escribiendo

Some spelling changes:

Verbs to -ir, in which e changes to ie- in gerund e changes to i, For example, v e nir-v i Niendo.

Verbs to -ir, as well as some verbs in -er, in which o changes to ue- in gerund O changes to u, For example, d o rmir ​​- d u rmiendo, p o der-p u diendo.

Verbs to -ir, in which e changes to i- in gerund e also changes to i, For example, p e dir-p i diendo.

Regular verbs II and III conjugations with a stem ending in a vowel - have an ending in the gerund -yendo, For example, leer - le yendo .

Estoy leyendo un libro. — I'm reading a book.

Mi padre está hablando con mi hermano. — Father (now) is talking to his brother.

Estar + gerund used:

  • To express an action occurring at the moment of speech.

What is it like? - What are you doing right now?

  • To express an action taking place in the present period of time.

Estoy viviendo en Barcelona. — I (now) live in Barcelona.

  • To express an action that began in the past and continues in the present.

Está lloviendo desde anoche. — The rain has not stopped since yesterday evening.

  • To express disapproval or surprise.

¡Pero qué estás diciendo! - What are you saying!

Note.

In Spanish, the present simple tense is often used to express an action occurring at the moment of speech.

¿Qué haces? - What are you doing right now?

Estudio español. — I'm studying Spanish.

¿Con quién hablas? -Who are you talking to?

Other constructions used to express action in the present

  • Design llevar + gerund used when we talk about an action that began in the past and continues in the present.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevas buscando trabajo? — How long have you been looking for a job?

Llevo tres años estudiando inglés. — I'm studying English language three years.

Llevamos dos horas esperando. “We’ve been waiting for two hours already.”

  • The semantic verb in this construction can be omitted if the meaning of the statement is clear from the context.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevas (viviendo) en Madrid? — How long have you lived in Madrid?

Ana lleva dos años (trabajando) en la empresa. — Anna has been working in the company for two years.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevan juntos? - How long have they been together?

  • Design hace + tense + que + present tense verb can also be used when we talk about an action that began in the past and continues in the present.

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que lives en Barcelona? — How long have you lived in Barcelona?

Hace tres meses que vivo allí. — I’ve been living there for 3 months already.

Hace dos años que estudio francés. — I'm studying French two years.

The last two sentences can also be formulated as follows:

Vivo allí desde hace tres meses.

Estudio Frances desde hace dos años.

EXERCISES

  1. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

a) — ¿ Qué… (tú) los fines de semana? (hacer)

- (Yo) no...nada especial. (hacer)

b) (Yo)…. en Barcelona, ​​mi hermano… en Madrid, y mis padres en Valencia. Y tú, ¿ donde...? (vivir)

c) - Perdone, ¿ ...Vd. donde está el Banco Central? (sabes)

No, (yo) no… . (saber) No...la cuidad. (conocer)

d) Normalmente (yo) … de casa a las 7.00 y mi marido … a las 8.00. Y vosotros, ¿ a qué hora...? (salir)

e) (Yo) … a la oficina en autobús. Tú... en el coche, ¿ verdad? (ir)

2. Write what the people in the photo are doing. Combine phrases and photographs, use the correct form of construction estar + gerund.

1 (comer) en el campo

2 (escuchar) music

3 (jugar) al fútbol

4 (leer) el periódico

5 (nadar) en la piscina

3. You are talking to Fernando, your friend. Ask him how long he has lived in Barcelona, ​​studied German, etc., using hace. Write Fernando's answers using the clues in brackets.

a) Vivir en Barcelona (5 minutes)

b) Trabajar en la misma empresa (3 años)

c) Estudiar alemán (2 años)

d) Conocer a María (4 años y medio)

e) Jugar al tenis (2 años)

You can find the keys to the exercises in the comments.

Discussion: there is 1 comment

    Answers to the exercises.

    b) Vivo/vive/viven/vives

    c) sabe/ sé/ conozco

    d) saldo/ sale/ salis

    1. Están comiendo en el campo. (c)

    2. Está escuchando música. (f)

    3. Están jugando al fútbol. (d)

    4. Está leyendo el periodico. (a)

    5. Están nadando en la piscina. (e)

    6. Está cocinando. (b)

    a) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que lives en Barcelona? — Vivo en Barcelona desde hace 5 años.

    b) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que trabajas en la misma empresa? — Trabajo en la misma empresa desde hace 3 años.

    c) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que estudias alemán? — Estudio alemán desde hace 2 años.

    d) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que conoces a María? — Conozco a María desde hace 4 años y medio.

    e) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que juegas al tenis? — Juego al tenis desde hace 2 años.

    Answer

The conjugation system for Spanish verbs is very extensive and at first glance may seem confusing, but once you understand the logic of conjugation, everything will fall into place.

Our Spanish language expert, teacher Natalia Volkova, will talk about the classification of Spanish verbs, give examples and advise how to remember them yourself.

How to memorize verbs on your own

  1. Write down and learn not individual verbs, but with the nouns with which they are combined: prestar atención - pay attention.
  2. Learn verbs with prepositions, since the literal translation from Russian to Spanish is often different: soñar con - dream about (preposition "con" - Russian preposition "s").
  3. Speak out your actions and what is happening around, describe appearance, emotional state in Spanish. For example: Hablo por telefono. - I'm talking on the phone. Or another example: Mi mamá riega las flores en el balcón. - My mother is watering flowers on the balcony.
  4. Learn paired verbs that have similar translations but different meanings. Make sentences with them. For example: escuchar - listen. Escucho música mientras cocino. - I listen to music while I cook. Or: oír - hear. Te oigo muy bien. - I can hear you very well.
  5. Distribute verbs into groups according to their grammatical similarity. For example, regular verbs that only change endings: tomar -yo tomo , beber - tú bebes ; as well as verbs of individual conjugation, which are singular in the 1st person. the numbers have a similar form: traveler -yo traigo ,oír - yo oigo , decir -yo digo .
  6. Learn words by topic. Make, for example, a list of sports verbs, and then write a sentence or a short story with each of them.
  7. Keep a notebook and write down instructions and recipes there. This way you will remember verbs in the imperative mood in practice.
  8. Write down and learn verbs immediately with their antonyms. Make up phrases with them: abrir la ventana - open the window, cerrar la puerta - close the door.
  9. Draw mind maps with ambiguous verbs that can be used in almost any situation: tener , poner , hacer .
  10. Conjugate new verbs in writing and out loud until you use them automatically.

Now let's see how verbs change in conjugation. Important: all changes in verbs apply only to the Presente de Indicativo (present tense).

Regular verbs in Spanish

When conjugated, they change endings, depending on the person and number. There are 3 types of conjugation: verbs of the 1st group with the ending of the infinitive -ar; verbs of the 2nd group with the ending of the infinitive -er; verbs of the 3rd group with the ending of the infinitive -ir.

Verbs of the first group with the ending -AR in the infinitive:

  • celebrity - celebrate

Yo celebrity o - I'm celebrating
Tú celebr as - you're celebrating
Él/Ella/Usted celebr a - he/she/you are celebrating
Nosotros(as)celebr amos - we are celebrating
Vosotros(as)celebr áis - you are celebrating
Ellos(as)/Ustedes celebr an - they/you are celebrating

Verbs of the second group with the ending -ER in the infinitive:

  • aprender - teach, study

Yo upend o - I teach
Tú apprend es - you teach
Él/Ella/Usted aprend e - he/she/you teaches
Nosotros(as) aprend emos - we teach
Vosotros(as) aprend éis - you teach
Ellos(as)/Ustedes aprend en - they/you teach (teach)

Verbs of the third group with the ending -IR in the infinitive:

  • escribir - write

Yo escrib o - I'm writing
Tú escrib es - you write
Él/Ella/Usted escrib e - he/she/you writes
Nosotros(as) escrib imos - we write
Vosotros(as) escrib is - you write
Ellos(as)/Ustedes escrib en - they/you write (write)

Irregular verbs in Spanish

Irregular verbs are divided into two types - individual conjugation and deviant. Their conjugation only needs to be memorized, since they have specific forms.

  • ir - go, go

Yo voy - I'm going
Tú vas - you're coming
Él/Ella/Usted va - he/she/you is coming
Nosotros(as) vamos - we're going
Vosotros(as) vais - you go
Ellos(as)/Ustedes van - they/you are going (are going)

Important! Deviating verbs, when conjugated under stress, change the root vowel, the vowel in the verb ending, or the consonant at the end of the word. The forms in "nosotros" and "vosotros" do not fundamentally change during conjugation.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd groups with endings in -AR, -ER (E changes to IE under stress):

  • cerrar - close

Yo c ie rro - I'm closing
Tú c ie rras - you close
Él/Ella/Usted c ie rra - he/she/you closes
Nosotros(as) cerramos - we are closing
Vosotros(as) cerrais - you close
Ellos(as)/Ustedes c ie rran - they/you close (close)

  • entender - understand, understand

Yo ent ie ndo - I understand
Tú ent ie ndes - you understand
Él/Ella/Usted ent ie nde - he/she/you understand
Nosotros(as) entendemos - we understand
Vosotros(as) entendéis - you understand
Ellos(as)/Ustedes ent ie nden - they/you understand (understand)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: comenzar - begin, despertar - wake up, encender - light up.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd groups with endings in -AR, -ER (O changes to UE under stress):

  • soñar - dream

Yo s ueño - I dream
Tús ue as - you dream
Él/Ella/Usted s ueña - he/she/you dreams
Nosotros(as)soñamos - we dream
Vosotros(as) soñáis - you are dreaming
Ellos(as)/Ustedes s ue san - they/you dream (dream)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: encontrar - find, meet; mostrar - show, have breakfast; almorzar - eat second breakfast.

Verbs of the 2nd group ending in -IR (E changes to I under stress):

  • repetir - repeat

Yo rep i to - I repeat
Tú rep i tes - you repeat
Él/Ella/Usted rep i te - he/she/you repeats
Nosotros(as) repetimos - we repeat
Vosotros(as) repetis - you repeat
Ellos(as)/Ustedes rep i ten - they/you repeat (repeat)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: medir - measure, vestir - to dress, reñir - argue.

Verbs of the 3rd group (E changes to IE under stress):

  • sentir - regret

Yo s ie nto - I regret
Tús ie ntes - you're sorry
Él/Ella/Usted s ie nte - he/she/you are sorry
Nosotros(as) sentimos - we're sorry
Vosotros(as) sentis - you're sorry
Ellos(as)/Ustedes s ie nten - they/you are sorry (regret)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: advertir - pay attention, preferir - prefer, mentir - lie.

Verbs of the 4th group (O changes to UE under stress):

  • dormir - sleep

Yo d ue rmo - I'm sleeping
Tú d ue rmes - are you sleeping
Él/Ella/Usted d ue rme - he/she/you is sleeping
Nosotros(as) dormimos - we are sleeping
Vosotros(as) dormís - you are sleeping
Ellos(as)/Ustedes d ue rmen - they/you are sleeping (sleeping)

Another verb belongs to this type of conjugation: morir - die.

Verbs of the 5th group with endings -UCIR, -CER (in the 1st person singular Z is added before C):

  • ofrecer - suggest

Yo ofre zco - I suggest
Tú ofreces - you suggest
Él/Ella/Usted ofrece - he/she/you proposes
Nosotros(as) ofrecemos - we offer
Vosotros(as) ofrecéis - you offer
Ellos(as)/Ustedes ofrecen - they/you offer (offer)

  • producer - create

Yo produ zco - I create
Tú produces - you create
Él/Ella/Usted produce - he/she/you creates
Nosotros(as) producimos - we create
Vosotros(as) products - you create
Ellos(as)/Ustedes produced - they/you create (create)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: conducir - drive (a car), traducir - translate.

Verbs of the 6th group ending in the infinitive -UIR (I changes to Y before O, E, A):

  • influir - influence

Yo influ yo - I influence
Tú influ ye s - you influence
Él/Ella/Usted influ ye - he/she/you influences
Nosotros(as) influimos - we influence
Vosotros(as) influis - you influence
Ellos(as)/Ustedes influ ye n - they/you influence (influence)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: construir - build, destruir - destroy.

Verbs of the 7th group with infinitive endings in -GER, -GIR (in the 1st person singular G changes to J):

  • elegir - choose

Yo eli j o - I choose
Tú Eliges - you choose
Él/Ella/Usted elige - he/she/you chooses
Nosotros(as) elegimos - we choose
Vosotros(as) elegís - you choose
Ellos(as)/Ustedes eligen - they/you choose (choose)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: coger - take, escoger - choose.

There are more than 12,000 Spanish verbs. Start learning to easily communicate on everyday issues in everyday life.

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