The term “Golden Ring of Russia” first appeared forty years ago. This is an ensemble of cities located in the very heart of Russia and of great historical value. Connected by highways, they form a circle that has become a symbol of the country's rich cultural heritage.
A little history
In 1967, the capital's writer Yuri Bychkov went to Suzdal to collect the necessary historical material. During his trip, he visited other cities: Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma.
Finding himself deeply impressed by the atmosphere of ancient Russian cities, Bychkov wrote an essay not about one, but about all the cities that came across his way during his travels.
Since the writer’s route ran along a circle, he decided to give it a beautiful name - “golden ring”.
Back then, Bychkov could not even imagine that after a while it would become a kind of calling card of one of the most popular tourist destinations in Russia.
Rice. 1. Golden ring on the map.
All cities included in the Golden Ring have unique story. They witnessed the most important historical events, and keep many secrets. It was here that Russian writers and painters drew inspiration, and the landscapes of these cities adorned many Russian films.
Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia
Traditionally, the Golden Ring list includes 8 major cities. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
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- Vladimir - a real treasury and the oldest city in Russia. In the 12th century it was the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, but over time the city lost its high status. On its territory, architectural monuments have been preserved in their original form: golden-domed temples, ancient wooden towers. Of particular value is the Assumption Cathedral, built in the 12th century and painted by Andrei Rublev.
Rice. 2. Assumption Cathedral.
- Suzdal - a small but very beautiful city that can easily be called a museum city. Its small territory contains more than two hundred monuments of cultural and historical significance. Here you can admire such original buildings as the Church of Boris and Gleb, the Suzdal Kremlin, and the Ensemble of the Trade Square.
- Ivanovo - the “youngest” city of the Golden Ring. It was erected on the site of the village of the same name in 1871. Since then, the city has received many other names, including “City of Brides”, “Textile Capital of Russia”, “Cintz Land”. The attractions of Ivanovo include architectural buildings of the 20-30s of the last century. This period was called Soviet constructivism. All buildings are distinguished by strict, clear lines and impressive dimensions.
- Kostroma - a city with a rich history and at the same time it is one of the largest river ports in Russia. Compared to other cities of the Golden Ring, it stands out primarily for its religious architecture.
Of particular value is the male Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery, where Mikhail Romanov, the first Russian Tsar from the great Romanov dynasty, lived and was enthroned.
- Sergiev Posad - the largest monastery in Russia is located here - the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. It was built in the 14th century and includes more than 50 different structures.
Rice. 3. Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
- Yaroslavl - one of the large cities, whose history goes back a thousand years. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Like many other “golden” cities, there are many ancient architectural attractions here.
- Pereslavl-Zalessky - a small modest town, on the territory of which the Pleshcheyevo Lake national park is located. There are ancient buildings and unique museums here.
- Rostov Veliky - one of the oldest cities of the Golden Ring. On its territory there are many valuable historical and cultural monuments, among which the Rostov Kremlin, as well as the Assumption Cathedral and its belfry, stand out.
What have we learned?
While studying the report on the topic “The Golden Ring of Russia” for the 3rd grade environmental program, we learned what this term means and how it appeared in our everyday life. We also found out which Russian cities are included in the Golden Ring list and why they are interesting.
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When making plans for how to spend a vacation or weekend, you should pay attention to the tourist route of Russia, known far beyond its borders. And although the sights of the cities that are part of the Golden Ring are not as old as , they have managed to gain popularity among both domestic and foreign travelers.
Which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia?
The list of cities included in the Golden Ring tourist route, a few years ago, included 8 settlements that at one time were part of the Vladimir Principality. But this list is expanding, and today Kaluga and Kasimov are officially included in it. It can be assumed that the list will continue to be replenished with new cities (in any case, such a statement was made by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation). But getting into the Golden Ring is not so easy: every locality applying for this must prove that it is worthy of being included in the most popular tourist route in Russia.
The first mention in chronicles of the capital of the Golden Ring dates back to 1108. This is one of the most ancient cities included in the tourist route. It was founded by Vladimir Monomakh on the banks of the Klyazma River (mainly on the left). Vladimir experienced ups and downs, was the most influential settlement and capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, and since 1609 it has suffered more than one attack by Lithuanian-Polish troops. Today the city's population is about 350 thousand people, and on its territory there are 239 architectural landmarks protected by the state.
What comes first? We recommend that you first go to the Assumption Cathedral, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The first church building made of white stone was erected in 1158-1160 by order of the Vladimir prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. The cathedral survived several fires, desolation, was closed during the Soviet period, and today a museum is organized on its territory and religious services are held. Among the valuable historical attractions of the Assumption Cathedral are genuine fragments of Andrei Rublev's frescoes, 19th-century paintings and a tomb where princes and church ministers were buried.
The masterpiece of Russian architecture – the Golden Gate – is also worth seeing. They were also built under Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1164. The Golden Gate was intended for the grand entry into the city of the prince and his retinue. They repeatedly burned out and were destroyed, but each time they were restored. Under Catherine the Great, a gate church was built, and in 1991 the relics of Seraphim of Sarov were transported through them.
What else is worth visiting in Vladimir:
- Patriarchal Gardens.
- Mother of God Nativity Monastery.
- Trinity Church.
- Museum complex "Chambers".
- Cathedral of Demetrius of Thessalonica.
- Catholic Church of the Holy Rosary.
- St. Nicholas Kremlin Church.
- House-museum of the Stoletov brothers.
You can call it a museum city. On its territory, tourists will see 200 historical monuments and attractions, all of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Judging by ancient chronicles, Suzdal was founded in 1024. It was the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality of Yuri Dolgorukov, and survived the invasions of the Volga Bulgars and Crimean Tatars. During Soviet times, many architectural sights of Suzdal were destroyed, churches were taken away from believers. Despite its difficult history, the city is still a treasury of national culture, which annually attracts thousands of tourists from all corners of the globe.
And first you should go to the Suzdal Kremlin. It is located in a bend of the Kamenka River, where defensive fortifications were erected in the 12th century and the city's first cathedral was built. Nowadays there is a museum on the territory of the Kremlin, which displays an extensive exhibition telling about the history of the city. Valuable exhibits from the Nativity Cathedral were also moved here.
The Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery was built in the 14th century as a defensive structure. On its territory are the crypt of Prince Mikhail Pozharsky and the prison castle, where prisoners under Catherine the Great were kept, and during the Soviet period, German prisoners of war. While visiting the monastery, tourists will be able to hear the bell ringing and see the ancient clock on the tower.
What else to see:
- Bishop's Chambers.
- Mother of God Nativity Cathedral.
- Assumption Church.
- Wooden St. Nicholas Church.
- Elias Church.
- Pokrovsky Monastery.
- Entry of Jerusalem and Pyatnitskaya churches.
- Deposition of Robe Monastery.
- Church of Cosmas and Damian on Yarunova Gora.
- Museum of Wooden Architecture.
Of the entire Golden Ring tourist route, Ivanovo is the youngest city. Its history began in 1871 thanks to the merger of the village of Ivanovo, an old flax processing center, and Voznesensky Posad, an industrial city. Ivanovo chintz has long gained world fame, and the city itself is called the textile capital of Russia. But there are also interesting sights here that allowed the settlement to become part of the Golden Ring.
The main museum of the city - Industry and Art - appeared in Ivanovo thanks to the local manufacturer and public figure Dmitry Burylin. The collection included more than 100 bladed weapons and firearms, Japanese samurai equipment, orders, medals and other valuable exhibits, for the exhibition of which a separate building was built. Its architect was P. A. Trubnikov, and the materials for the house in the neoclassical style were brought from Italy.
Another attraction of Ivanovo is the Duringer estate. The Art Nouveau building was built for a wealthy Swiss at the beginning of the 20th century. The strict medieval appearance and the three-tiered round tower make the estate look like an ancient castle. Local residents say that the Swiss’s countless treasures are hidden in the house, which have not yet been found. And according to another legend, the owner of the house was buried in a closed coffin not only because of a contagious disease (Dühringer died of smallpox in 1919), but also because all his wealth was hidden under the coverlet.
What else is worth seeing in Ivanovo:
- Museum of Ivanovo chintz.
- Monuments of constructivism: ship house, bird house, horseshoe house.
- Shchudrovskaya tent.
- Art Square.
- Museum of the Soviet Automotive Industry.
- Museum of the artist A.I. Morozov.
- Vvedensky Monastery.
- House-museum of the Bubnov family.
- Assumption Monastery.
- Transfiguration Cathedral.
- Kazan Church.
The story begins around 1152. The city is the same age as the capital of the Russian Federation and one of the points on the Golden Ring tourist route. Its founder was Yuri Dolgoruky, and during the reign of Prince Vasily Yaroslavovich the city was considered the capital North-Eastern Rus'. It was at this time that Kostroma flourished: monasteries, temples and other architectural attractions were built. During the reign of Catherine II, Kostroma received its own coat of arms as one of the first Russian cities. Today, its appearance miraculously combines ancient architectural structures and modern buildings.
One of the main historical attractions of the city is the Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery, located on the banks of the Kostroma River. It was here that the founder of the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, was crowned king, for whom the monastery turned out to be a haven during the period of the Polish intervention. It is difficult to say what the monastery looked like before 1649 - an exploding barrel of gunpowder destroyed the wooden church to the ground. Today, on the territory of the monastery, tourists can see more than 10 historically significant buildings: the chambers of the Romanov boyars, the Catherine Gate, the Trinity Cathedral with a belfry, and the bishop's building. Within the walls of the monastery are kept the unique Ipatiev Chronicle, the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God and part of the Robe of the Lord.
The Epiphany-Anastasia Monastery is also definitely worth seeing in Kostroma. It was founded by one of the students of Sergius of Radonezh in the 16th century. During troubled times, the monastery was plundered by the troops of False Dmitry II and only partially restored by the middle of the 17th century. Unfortunately, the unique frescoes made by S. Savin and G. Nikitin have not survived to this day. Today here is one of the main shrines of the Romanov dynasty - the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
Other city attractions:
- Shopping arcades.
- Guardhouse.
- Fire tower.
- Romanov Museum.
- House of General Borschov.
- Museum-reserve "Kostromskaya Sloboda".
- Museum of Jewelry Art.
- Museum of Flax and Birch Bark.
- Church of the Resurrection on Debra.
- Monument to Ivan Susanin.
- Sledovo estate.
- The Snow Maiden's Tower.
At the confluence of the small river Kotorosl and the Volga in 1010, Yaroslav the Wise founded a fortress. When Moscow was occupied by the Poles, Yaroslavl became the capital of the state for some time. At the same time, cultural life and construction flourished. Craftsmen and artists from all over Russia came to the city to build churches and monasteries. Under Catherine the Great, large parks and mansions appeared, built in a new style. The city with more than 1000 years of history is one of the main points of the Golden Ring tourist route. In addition, Yaroslavl was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.
The Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery was built in the 12th century outside the city walls as one of the defensive structures and is still considered the main attraction of Yaroslavl. A religious school operated here (one of the first in North-Eastern Rus') and a library was collected. An important value is the handwritten copy of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” During troubled times, the monastery held back the onslaught of Polish troops, from here Minin and Pozharsky with the militia set off to liberate Moscow. Today on its territory you can see the Kopeyka Monument, the Blagovestnik Bell, the Uglich and Mikhailovskaya towers, and the stela “The Oath of Prince Pozharsky.”
Many have seen the Church of John the Baptist on the 1000-ruble bill, and it is located in Tolchkovskaya Sloboda. The temple was built at the expense of local merchants. Interesting feature churches - the main dome does not have the traditional onion shape, but is made in the shape of a concave bowl. All details of the temple are covered with grass ornaments, and scenes from the Bible are placed on 9 tiers. But the most amazing thing about the design of the Church of John the Baptist is the unique fresco painting of the 17th century.
Other attractions of Yaroslavl:
- Church of Elijah the Prophet.
- Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve.
- Kazan Convent.
- Metropolitan Chambers.
- Museum-reserve of N. A. Nekrasov “Karabikha”.
- Demidovsky garden.
- Monument to Yaroslav the Wise.
- Museum "Music and Time".
50 km from Yaroslavl there is a city, the first mention of which can be found in the “Tale of Bygone Years” (862). In order not to be confused with, it is called Rostov the Great - that is how it was named in the Ipatiev Chronicle. Since 1151, the city has been the center of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality; many architectural landmarks have survived to this day, and some were even used for filming films. For example, the Rostov Kremlin can be seen in the film “Ivan Vasilyevich changes his profession.”
Initially, the Rostov Kremlin was the residence of bishops, which is why it is sometimes called the Metropolitan and Bishops' Court. Today the ensemble includes 5 temples and other architectural attractions, surrounded by a high fortress wall. The famous Rostov bell ringing also attracts tourists here. The belfry was built in 1682-1687. Here is a bell weighing 33 tons, named “Sysoev” in honor of the father of the bell customer, Metropolitan Jonah Sysoevich.
If you want to see something unusual in Rostov, then go to the Museum of Enamel. This is what enamel was called in ancient times, and Russian masters adopted the painting technique from Byzantine craftsmen. Today the museum exhibits more than 1.5 thousand miniatures made in this style. The exhibition is located on the territory of the Rostov Enamel factory. Tourists will not only be able to listen to an interesting story from the guide about the development of the craft, but also take part in a master class on painting metal products.
What else you need to see in Rostov Veliky:
- House of Crafts.
- Museum of Rostov merchants.
- Church of the Savior at Torg.
- Church of St. John the Evangelist on Ishna.
- Avraamiev Epiphany Monastery.
- Mother of God Nativity Monastery.
- Art gallery "Horse".
Traveling along the Golden Ring of Russia, one cannot help but look into the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky. It was founded by order of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. It was here that the Amusing Flotilla of Peter the Great was built. Despite the small size of the city, it can compete with other settlements included in the Golden Ring in terms of the number of architectural monuments. But Pereslavl-Zalessky is interesting not only for its churches and monasteries - unusual museums will give tourists their share of positive emotions.
Nikitsky is considered one of the most ancient monasteries in the city. It was erected in the mid-12th century by order of the son of Vladimir Krasnoye Solnyshko, Prince Boris Vladimirovich. So he wanted to convert the pagans living in Pereslavl-Zalessky to the Christian faith. Nikita Stylite brought fame to the monastery. He served as a tax collector under Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and had the reputation of a greedy and bribe-taker. But a prophetic vision changed Nikita’s life, and he took monastic vows. They say that he had the gift of healing and exorcism. Today, on the territory of the Nikitsky Monastery, tourists will be able to see the Cathedral of the Great Martyr Nikita, the Tent and New Bell Towers, the refectory chamber with the Annunciation Church and the stone chapel. Many of the buildings, as well as the walls of the monastery, were built under Ivan the Terrible.
In the very center of Pereslavl-Zalessky there is the Transfiguration Cathedral. Construction of the temple began under Yuri Dolgoruky, and its construction was completed by the prince’s son, Andrei Bogolyubsky. According to historical data, Alexander Nevsky was baptized in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. Despite the fact that the temple was repeatedly remodeled, it managed to preserve the individuality and characteristic atmosphere of ancient Russian churches. Now the cathedral is undergoing a large-scale reconstruction, and you can only get inside on major Orthodox holidays.
Main attractions of Pereslavl-Zalessky:
- Vladimir Cathedral.
- Blue stone.
- Nikolsky Monastery.
- Berendey's house.
- Goritsky Monastery.
- Iron Museum and Teapot Museum.
- Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I".
- Museum of cunning and ingenuity.
- Church of the Intercession.
- Russian park.
- Museum "Kingdom of Vendace".
- Feodorovsky Monastery.
The only representative of the Moscow region in the list of cities of the Golden Ring was founded thanks to Sergius of Radonezh. In fact, it was formed around the Trinity Monastery more than 700 years ago. Peasants began to settle in the surrounding area, creating entire settlements of artisans. But in 1408 the monastery was burned down during an attack by the Tatar Khan Edigei. The successor of Sergius of Radonezh, Abbot Nikon, took up the restoration of the monastery. Since 1993, the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The Assumption Cathedral, founded by order of Ivan the Terrible, attracts special attention from tourists. The tsar himself never saw the completion of construction - the work went on for 26 years. The best masters from Troitsk and Yaroslavl were brought in to paint the temple. The architecture of the Assumption Cathedral repeats appearance cathedral of the same name in the Moscow Kremlin. The solemnity of the temple is emphasized by a five-tiered carved iconostasis, and on its other side there is a three-tiered gallery for the church choir.
In Sergiev Posad you can see not only churches and monasteries, but also interesting exhibition complexes. One of them is the “Once upon a time” museum of peasant life. The idea for the unusual exhibition belongs to local artist Viktor Bagrov. The museum is located next to his workshop in a house with carved frames. Here you can see peasant clothes made of homespun linen, clay and wooden toys, household items and decorative arts. Periodically, the complex hosts exhibitions of contemporary works by masters from Sergiev Posad.
What else to see:
- Spiritual Church.
- Bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
- Vvedensky and Pyatnitsky churches.
- Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve.
- "Trading rows" on Krasnogorskaya Square.
- Church and archaeological office.
- Spaso-Vifansky Monastery.
- Exhibition hall "Bells of Rus'".
- Chernigov skete.
The first mention of the city can be found in the charter of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd in 1371. Since 1389, Kaluga became part of the Moscow Principality and became one of the main defensive outposts of the state. During the Time of Troubles, the troops of False Dmitry I, and later False Dmitry II and Marina Mnishek, found refuge in the city. The last impostor was killed and buried in Kaluga; However, it was not possible to reliably determine the burial place. Since 2016, the city has rightfully taken its place on the Golden Ring tourist route, because there are many architectural monuments of antiquity here.
If you don't know what to see in Kaluga, first of all go to the Stone Bridge. It is he who is most often depicted on postcards with views of the city and is its calling card. Its length is 112 meters, it connects 2 sides of the Berezuisky ravine in the historical center of the city. The Stone Bridge is the only structure in Russia built on the principle of viaducts of Ancient Rome. The idea of creation belongs to the architect Nikitin, and the work took only 3 years. Legend has it that it was here that Gogol drew inspiration when he described Manilov’s dreams of building a stone bridge.
Speaking about Kaluga, one cannot help but recall the father of Russian cosmonautics - K. E. Tsiolkovsky. In the house-museum dedicated to the famous scientist, tourists will be able to see memorial items, books and documents that miraculously survived the Second World War. Such famous people as Sergei Korolev and Yuri Gagarin contributed to the restoration of the exhibition. Today, in Tsiolkovsky’s house, the interiors and atmosphere that were during the scientist’s lifetime have been completely recreated, and the exhibition itself is part of the Museum of Cosmonautics.
Sights of Kaluga:
- Trinity Cathedral.
- Museum-estate "Polotnyany Zavod".
- Museum-diorama “Great Stand on the Ugra River”.
- Museum of dolls "Bereginya".
- House of the merchant Rakov.
- Chambers of Korobovs.
- Yanovsky estate.
- Vorotyn Monastery.
- St. George's Cathedral.
- Church of Cosmas and Damian.
- Temple of John the Baptist
In 2015, Kasimov was added to the list of Golden Ring cities. The fortress was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky to protect the borders of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in 1152. The city received its current name in honor of Khan Kasim, to whom Vasily the Dark gave it in 1452. Thanks to the interweaving of two cultures - Tatar and Russian - the city acquired a unique look. Here you can see nearby Muslim mosques and Orthodox churches, Tatar mausoleums and golden-domed cathedrals.
Among the main attractions of Kasimov, it is worth highlighting the Ascension Cathedral. It was erected with donations from local merchants and manufacturers, and, as it turned out, there were quite a lot of them in the city. Previously, there was a wooden church in its place, later a stone church was built there, and it acquired its current appearance in 1862. The project was developed by architect Voronikhin. The fate of the Ascension Cathedral is similar to the fate of many church buildings. In Soviet times, a parachute tower was located on its belfry, and in the building itself there was a sports school. And only in 2002, after reconstruction, the temple was returned to the parishioners.
One of the Muslim symbols of the city, reminiscent of the reign of the Tatar princes, is the Khan's Mosque. It is visible from almost anywhere in Kasimov, and its minaret offers an amazing view of the surrounding area. The history of the Khan Mosque began in the 15th century. According to one version, the construction was started by Prince Kasim, according to another, it happened later (in the 16th century), and the construction was carried out by Khan Shah Ali. A sad fate befell the mosque during the reign of Peter I - while sailing along the Oka River, he mistook it for a Christian shrine and crossed himself. Realizing the mistake, the king flew into a rage and ordered the Horde temple to be destroyed to the ground. Today there is a local history museum here, telling about the history of the Tatar people and their culture.
What else to visit in Kasimov:
- St. Nicholas Church.
- Church of the Resurrection of Christ and the Archangel Michael.
- Tekiye of Shah Ali Khan.
- Museum "Russian Samovar".
- Shopping arcades.
- Barkov's mansion.
- Tomb of Sultan Afghan-Muhammad.
- Museum of the Utkin Brothers.
- St. Nicholas Church.
Why is the Golden Ring of Russia called that?
A tourist route with this name appeared in the 60s of the last century thanks to art critic and artist Yuri Bychkov. His material about his travels through the ancient cities of Russia was published on the pages of Soviet Culture. During the preparation of a series of essays, he independently developed a circular route from Moscow, which can be overcome without problems in 1 day. Well, the word “Golden” appeared in the name thanks to the gilded domes of churches and cathedrals, which are the main attractions of ancient cities that were once part of Vladimir Rus'.
When is the best time to travel along the Golden Ring?
You can plan a trip along the Golden Ring for almost any time of the year. But tourists who have already visited ancient cities are advised to make the trip either in late spring or early autumn. You can also see beautiful views in winter, when the ancient buildings are covered with snow. During the off-season, poor roads may make access to some Golden Ring attractions difficult.
Let's sum it up
You don't have to travel long distances to see it. Just a few kilometers from the capital, travelers will find ancient temples and ancient mansions, interesting museums and unusual exhibition complexes.
The Golden Ring, despite its “young” age by historical standards, allows you to plunge into the atmosphere of ancient Russian culture and rediscover the history of Russia.
Sergiev Posad is a diamond in the Golden Ring of Russia, a city with amazingly rich and interesting story, the center of Russian Orthodoxy, located just 50 kilometers from Moscow.
Sergiev Posad was named after Saint Sergei, known as Sergei of Radonezh, who was born in Radonezh (a city located next to Zagorsk).In the 14th century he founded a monastery there, which became one of the largest and most magnificent monasteries in Russia.Currently, the monastery is called the Lavra (the main and most important monastery) and is considered the “Russian Vatican”.
2. Rostov Veliky
If you want to feel at least for a moment the atmosphere ancient Rus' with its traditions and customs, unique architecture, old fortresses and white churches, go on a tour to places that contain the history of the country, hear the ringing of ancient bells, their ringing sincere and beautiful melody, then you should visit one of the most ancient cities in Russia - Rostov the Great.
Colored domes in pink sunsets that Rostov the Great has seen for centuries and centuries. The Rostov Kremlin, with its impregnable walls and perfectly spaced towers, rises majestically above the waters of the vast Lake Nero.Looking at Moscow from the heights of its age, Rostov the Great, first described in chronicles in 862 and founded much earlier, was the capital of the Kyiv princes who moved to the northern lands that later became known as Muscovy and Russia.The architectural harmony of Rostov churches is excellent.
Where to go from Moscow, you ask?Rostov the Great, once a great and important city, is now a rustic green rural town with beautiful white stone churches.The Rostov Kremlin is the main attraction of Rostov, where each of the churches is a fine example of old and unique Russian architecture. Rostov the Great, the oldest city of the Golden Ring, probably the most tranquil city that shows its tourist sincere and rustic Russia with fresh air, a beautiful lake and old wooden houses where the local population lives.Whether you're on a multi-day Golden Ring tour or planning a day trip, you'll love Rostov Veliky for its ancient architecture and beautiful nature.
3. Vladimir
For more than 250 years, Vladimir played a very important role in the history of Russia, when it was the capital of the ancient Russian state. The main attractions of Vladimir are - The Golden Gate is the only existing monument of military engineering architecture of Ancient Rus'.
The gate was built in 1158-64 during the time of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.This was the main, most spectacular and impressive gate of the capital of northeastern Russia.Such gates were built in major cities of Christendom, starting with the gate in Constantinople, which marked the entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem through the city's Golden Gate.
Another unique attraction of Vladimir is the Assumption Cathedral, built in 1158-1606 by order of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who preserved the world-famous frescoes of Andrei Rublev.It was not only the main church of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, its cultural, political and religious center, but it was to become the main church of all Russia.In September 1164, the most revered icon of Russia, the Miraculous Icon of the Mother of God, was brought to the cathedral.Since then the icon has been called - Vladimir icon Mother of God, the earliest and one of the most revered miraculous icons of the Russian Church.
During the excursion it is worth visiting the Dmitrievsky Cathedral, built in 1194-1197 during the reign of Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest, who dedicated it to his heavenly patron Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica. Previously, it was part of the buildings of the princely court and one of the most beautiful and original cathedrals of Ancient Rus'.
4. Suzdal
Suzdal not only retained the spirit of antiquity, but also remained within the boundaries of the city of the 18th century. The first mentions of Suzdal in chronicles date back to the end of the 11th century. In the XII - XIV centuries it was one of the strongest and most powerful cities of ancient Rus'. Suzdal is home to more than 70 masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture, from the mid-12th century to the mid-18th century, on an area of just 9 square kilometers.
The Suzdal Kremlin is located on the winding bank of the Kamenka River in the heart of the old city.The Kremlin contains several of the most important monuments of old Suzdal: the Kremlin shaft (XI-XII centuries), the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (XIII-XVI centuries, its frescoes dating back to the XIII, XV, XVII centuries and the iconostasis until the XVII century), the bell tower of the cathedral (1635).
Today the city is an outstanding architectural museum, containing more examples of ancient Rus' architecture than any other Russian city, and its original architectural topography remains almost intact.
5. Kostroma
Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, the city of Kostroma is located on the left bank of the Volga. The pride of the city - Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery, famous for the patronage of the Romanov dynasty.Here, in 1613, young Mikhail Romanov was blessed to reign. In addition to the monastery, historical sights of the city that are worth visiting during the tour areTrinity Cathedral, with 17th-century frescoes and Epiphany-Anastasia Monastery with an icon of the Holy Mother of God, which is believed to work miracles.
6. Uglich
Uglich is a historical city in the Yaroslavl region of Russia, located on the Volga. The city was founded in 937 as a border fortress of the Moscow principality. Uglich is one of the most interesting cities of the Golden Ring because it has numerous buildings of ancient architecture.Among them are the Kremlin with a chamber, the Church of Demetrius on Spilled Blood (1692) and the Transfiguration Cathedral, ensembles of the Alekseevsky, Resurrection and Epiphany monasteries (1680).
Uglich has preserved both historical and cultural traditions of Russia.The magnificent museums of Uglich are examples of cultural heritage and ancient Russian traditions.
7. Ples
The city was founded in 1410 by Vasily I as a border post of Muscovy. Plyos is a paradise of the upper reaches of the Volga with a landscape that seems to have been created by an artist’s brush and taken straight from a fairy tale. For centuries, it has been the quintessential Russian provincial city, it has inspired artists to create masterpieces of art. The great Russian artist Levitan created his masterpieces here.
Many attractions and architectural monuments in the city of Plyos have still been preserved.Among them are such famous architectural masterpieces as the Church of the Resurrection of Christ (1699), the Trinity Church (1808), the Vvedenskaya Church (1828), the Assumption Cathedral (1699), the Church of St. Barbara (1821) and kiosks of the 19th century.
In 1982, a state and historical museum, as well as an art museum, were built, which united three other museums: the Levitan Museum, the Plyos Historical Museum and the Landscape Museum.
8. Yaroslavl
Founded in 1010 by Yaroslav the Wise (future Grand Duke Kyiv), is a large, pleasant, quiet old town.
During the times of ancient Rus', Yaroslavl developed rapidly due to its favorable location along the Volga trade route.In 1218 it became the capital of the independent feudal Yaroslavl principality.In 1463, the Principality merged with the Moscow state.
9. Myshkin
The city has a very specific, unusual name. It is unlikely that Myshkin is able to amaze with architectural masterpieces. Among its attractions are the 18th-century St. Nicholas Cathedral - the oldest building in the city, the Assumption Cathedral of the early 19th century, from the bell tower of which a panorama of Myshkin opens, and several merchant mansions.
The most interesting thing about Myshkin is its small museums, there are more than two dozen of them. The leadership belongs to the Mouse Museum - according to the Guinness Book of Records, the only one in the world.
10. Pereslavl-Zalessky
Pereselavsky-Zalessky, located near Moscow almost in the very center of the Golden Ring of Russia, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, is an old Russian city famous for its six monasteries - beautiful examples of old Russian architecture. The landmark of the city and the Golden Ring is theThe bottom of the oldest Russian churches is the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in the 1150s and preserved in its original form.
Pereslavl-Zalessky , a city of vivid impressions, whose history was created by such historical figures as Yuri Dolgoruky, Ivan the Terrible, Peter I, Alexander Nevsky. Everything here breathes with antiquity; the rampart ring around the historical center has also been preserved.
Travel along a unique route - Golden Ring of Russia– this is an acquaintance with the unique atmosphere of the most ancient Russian cities, as well as a great opportunity to get to know the country better, get acquainted with its history and culture. A visit to ancient cities, where the most important events in the history of the country took place, will definitely leave a lasting impression.
Information about the Golden Ring of Russia
Being the most popular tourist route, which has almost 50 years, the trip gives foreign tourists the opportunity to get to know the Russian hinterland better, discover perfectly preserved sights, monuments of religious and civil architecture of the 12th-19th centuries. Due to its close location to, residents also like to travel along this route.
During the trip, important stops are such legendary cities as Vladimir, and. Main reason, according to which they were included in the list of cities of the Golden Ring of Russia - the presence of unique architectural, historical and cultural attractions that reveal the richness of Russian traditions.
While visiting cities, you can get acquainted with all stages of the development of ancient Russian architecture. There are white stone and wooden temples here XII-XIII centuries, buildings 16th century, works of architecture and painting. In addition, the atmosphere of the Russian province is striking, the lack of fuss and tranquility, the most wonderful nature, attractive at any time of the year.
Sergiev Posad is an important center of Orthodoxy
The journey begins from Sergiev Posad, a legendary city famous for Trinity-Sergius Lavra which he founded Venerable Sergius Radonezh about 700 years ago. Constantly developing, the city has turned from a small settlement into a center Orthodox faith and culture, which attracts people from all over the country.
Numerous architectural structures were built here by the best architects in XV- 19th centuries . The monastery ensemble includes more than 50 buildings, each of which has its own purpose. The snow-white Refectory and the Metropolitan's Chambers especially stand out from the others. You can admire this splendor by climbing observation deck Pancake Mountain.
There are other interesting places outside the Lavra:
- Museum complex "Horse yard";
- Toy Museum in Sergiev Posad.
You can discover a lot of educational things in the outskirts of the city, for example, here is Gethsemane Chernigov Skete, which previously was not inferior to the Lavra in terms of the number of pilgrims.
Pereslavl-Zalessky - Birthplace of Prince Alexander Nevsky
The second point on the route is Pereslavl-Zalessky, an ancient city so rich in attractions that exploring them can take the whole day. It has its own Kremlin and several Old Russian churches surrounded by ramparts. The most famous of them is Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior, based on the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky.
On the territory of the city there are 5 monasteries with powerful walls and towers:
- Nikitsky;
- Goritsky (not active);
- St. Nicholas;
- Holy Trinity Danilov;
- Feodorovsky.
From the bell tower of the Goritsky Monastery you can discover best views Pereslavl from a bird's eye view.
In Pereslavl-Zalessky there is a picturesque and mysterious Lake Pleshcheyevo– the place where Tsar Peter I staged “Funny Fights”. In the southern part of the city you can find interesting museums, and in the northern part you can get acquainted with well-preserved traces of pagan times (Blue Stone and Alexander Mountain).
Rostov the Great - the oldest city of Kievan Rus
The first mention of Rostov the Great dates back to 9th century, or rather by 862. Since that moment, the city has acquired and preserved to this day many architectural monuments, numerous museums and exhibitions reflecting the centuries-old history of not only Rostov, but throughout Rus'.
The main treasures of Rostov the Great are, of course, its numerous temples, churches, cathedrals and monasteries. This city was the center of the spread of Orthodoxy in North-Eastern Rus'. There are religious buildings on its territory dating back to 991.
Located in Rostov Metropolitan Court, better known as Rostov Kremlin. Its walls were not intended for defense, but were erected as decorative decoration princely residence, for this reason they have been perfectly preserved to this day. Here, at different times, the sons of Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko occupied the throne, and in our days the famous chase from the film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” was filmed.
Yaroslavl - the true pearl of the Golden Ring
This city is worth a visit to get to know, first of all, the incredibly well-kept and festive village, as well as the historical center, protected by UNESCO. It is located around 800 monuments of ancient architecture, perfectly preserved to this day! During its history, this city managed to be a rich and influential center of Rus', and in troubled times - the de facto capital of Russia.
Worth seeing in Yaroslavl:
- Historical city center;
- churches and towers of pre-Petrine times;
- Volzhskaya embankment;
- Governor's Garden;
- Museum of City History;
- Millennium Park of Yaroslavl.
The ancient churches located in Yaroslavl are one more beautiful than the other. All that remains is to admire their whiteness, exterior decoration and golden domes.
It's also nice to stroll around Pervomaisky Boulevard– a popular place among tourists and locals. Each building located on its sides has historical value, and many interesting stories are associated with the boulevard itself.
Kostroma - the birthplace of the royal dynasty and the Snow Maiden
Kostroma is one of the largest river ports on the Volga, as well as the oldest cities in Russia, founded in 1152 Yuri Dolgoruky. Here, the classical architecture of the 16th century has been perfectly preserved to this day, adjacent to examples of ancient Russian wooden architecture.
Kostroma’s business card – Ipatiev Monastery- a historically important place in which the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty lived and was later called to the throne. After Mikhail Fedorovich was elected to the throne, members of the royal family began to venerate the monastery as a family shrine.
Near the monastery there is a famous Museum of Wooden Architecture, where in large quantities collected ancient architecture of poor and rich peasants. Here you will find houses, barns, churches, mills, chapels and churches. All this is in such a picturesque setting that you instantly lose the reality of time.
Kostroma is considered the jewelry capital, so a visit to the factory here will be interesting. Also in this city there is the Snow Maiden's tower, a zoo and a moose farm.
Ivanovo is the textile capital of Russia
The youngest city on this route cannot boast of an extensive number of historical attractions, but there is also something to see here. For 300 years Since its existence, a couple of notable museums have opened here.
A diverse collection of weaving traditions with 17th century and is still represented in the Calico Museum to this day. In this place you can see ancient looms, a variety of fabrics and ways of creating them. The Museum of Industry and Art, located opposite, has an impressive collection from around the world, from fans to astronomical clock Parisian masters.
In terms of architecture in Ivanovo the following will be interesting:
- Shchudrovskaya tent;
- house "Ship";
- House "Podkova".
Most of Ivanovo's architecture dates back to the era constructivism- Soviet avant-garde style, developed in 20-30 years last century. But you can also find typical merchant houses and industrial architecture here.
Suzdal - an ancient Russian city-museum in the open air
Suzdal is considered a quiet and cozy city, which has the largest number of religious buildings compared to other cities of the Golden Ring. You won't find high-rise buildings or modern buildings here. The incredibly picturesque and well-kept streets have perfectly preserved architecture from past centuries. For this reason it is called an open-air museum.
In the center of Suzdal is located Suzdal Kremlin, which is an outstanding architectural monument. On its territory, earthen ramparts and ditches, churches, a complex of bishops' chambers and the luxurious Nativity Cathedral are perfectly preserved.
In the city you can find more 40 churches, some of which are built of wood. There are also several monasteries with fortress walls and towers: Spas-Evfimiev, Pokrovsky, Aleksandrovsky, Rizopolozhensky and Vasilievsky.
Vladimir is a treasure trove of history and culture
Vladimir – oldest city Russia, in which every stone preserves a part of the centuries-old history of more than one century. There are unique wooden and white stone historical and architectural monuments here. 12th century included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as ancient buildings XVII-XVIII centuries.
Walking around Vladimir, you get the impression that every building here is an important part of the history of the former capital of North-Eastern Rus'. Here is the legendary Assumption Cathedral with an iconostasis and frescoes of the 18th century, which were painted by the great master Andrei Rublev himself. Another important object is the Dmitrievsky Cathedral with unique carvings from the 12th century. The scale of work on its decoration is impressive - it contains 200 scenes and 2000 carved stones.
Of the old buildings are perfectly preserved Golden Gate created in the 12th century. The main purpose of this structure is to protect the Vladimir settlement and create a solemn appearance in it. In total, five such gates were built in the city, but only this design has survived to this day.
The article does not pretend to cover all attractions; it reflects the individual experience of our blogger.
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